Study on mechanical law of freezing inclined shaft lining in topsoil during frozen wall thawing

in order to further understand the mechanical characteristics ofrezing inclined shatlining in the thick topsoi a plane fnte element model of the ground freezing-nelined shat excavation and lining-frozen wall hawing procss was esablished. With the sequential oupling of the temperature feld and stress feld,the mechancal law of shaf lining was outained.The results showed that before and aner the thawing.the mechanical mode of shat lining was same.Genfallythe iner edge cenerof invered arch was the tensile control point and the intersecton point of imer straight wall and invered ach was the compressivecortrol point During the thawing process.the stress of the conrol points would steadiliy increas. fiterfully thawing.the stess of shaftlining would be mostuntavorabe and hepeliminar designof the shaft lining could be conducted on this stress status. ith the adjustment of the shaft lining thickness and invered arch radus the stress conditio of shaf liningcould be eficiently improved. /n the permanent service stage, the mechanical mode and thecontrol point lcations would not be changed with the deph inreased whiethe lateral pressure coefficient 入 could change both them. In addition,the stress of shaft lining would have a linear relationship with depth and A