Engineering application and demonstration of intelligent mining control technology for rockburst coal seam
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摘要:
如何实现深部冲击地压煤层智能安全高效开采是煤炭开采面临的一项重大工程技术难题。该问题的核心内涵在于冲击地压煤层开采的智能化、无人化和本质安全化，通过煤岩冲击风险的智能精准感知与预警，以及采掘工程的自适应与自优化，形成智能防冲控采技术，实现由工程致灾向工程防灾、工程减灾的根本转变。通过开采源头设计、顶板区域压裂、局部靶向治理、强化巷道支护等措施为冲击地压煤层安全高效开采创造低应力环境和巷道安全空间。在此基础上，开发融合静态地质、动态监测、工况环境、人员定位、生产组织、历史数据等信息的大数据分析软件平台，以及融合冲击地压决策信息的智能化开采控制系统，将防冲信息源转化为智能开采控制源，形成了“低压快推，中压慢采，高压停产”的柔性智能推采新模式。通过现场应用表明，在智能防冲控采区，工作面及巷道矿压显现程度更小，煤岩能量释放更稳定，有利于冲击产能的合理释放。
Abstract:How to achieve intelligent, safe and efficient mining of rockburst coal seams is a major engineering and technical challenge facing deep coal mining. The core connotation of this issue lies in the intelligent, unmanned, and inherently safe mining of coal seams with rockburst. Through accurate perception and intelligent early warning of coal and rock burst risks, as well as self-adaptation and self-optimization of mining engineering, intelligent anti-burst and mining control technologies are formed to achieve a fundamental shift from engineering-induced disasters to engineering-prevented and mitigated disasters. By implementing measures such as mining source design, roof area fracturing, localized targeted management, and strengthening roadway support, a low-stress environment and safe roadway space are created for the safe and efficient mining of coal seams with rock burst. On this basis, a big data analysis software platform that integrates static geological, dynamic monitoring, working conditions, personnel positioning, production organization, historical data and other information, as well as an intelligent mining control system that integrates impact pressure decision-making information, has been developed. The anti-impact information source has been transformed into an intelligent mining control source, forming a new flexible intelligent mining model of "low pressure fast pushing, medium pressure slow mining, and high pressure production stop". Field application shows that in the intelligent anti-impact and control mining area, the degree of mine pressure in working face and roadway is smaller,, and the energy release of coal and rock is more stable, which is conducive to the reasonable release of impact mine production capacity.
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图 1 冲击地压煤层智能安全高效开采技术路径
Figure 1. Technical path for intelligent, safe, and efficient mining of rockburst coal seam
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图 2 区域压裂卸压防冲原理示意
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of regional fracturing, pressure relief, and anti-collision principle
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图 3 地面区域压裂成套装备示意
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the complete equipment for fracturing in ground area
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图 4 井下区域压裂成套装备示意
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of complete equipment for fracturing in underground areas
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图 6 智能防冲控采的技术框架
Figure 6. Technical framework of intelligent anti-shock control mining
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图 8 综采工作面的智能开采控制系统拓扑
Figure 8. Topology of intelligent mining control system for fully-mechanized mining face
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图 12 巷道位置与支承压力分布
1—高应力区掘巷；2—沿空掘巷；3—宽煤柱掘巷
Figure 12. Location of roadway and distribution of bearing pressure
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图 13 井上下顶板区域压裂防冲示意
Figure 13. Schematic diagram of fracturing and anti-scouring in roof area above and below the well
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图 14 智能防冲控采技术路线
Figure 14. Schematic diagram of intelligent anti-scouring and control mining technology route
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图 16 冲击地压智能控采地面监控中心
Figure 16. Intelligent control and mining ground monitoring center for impact ground pressure
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