Abstract: The performance evaluation of scientific research projects is an important link in the management of scientific and technological plans, and an important basis for the dynamic adjustment, improvement and optimization of the layout and management of scientific and technological plans. At present, the performance evaluation system of my country's classified science and technology projects is still immature, and there are problems such as excessive pursuit of quantitative indicators and reliance on external evaluation indicators. The research and practice of performance evaluation of science and technology projects still start from the perspective of macro management. There is a certain difference between the evaluation emphasis and the performance evaluation needs of enterprise science and technology project management under the condition of small sample size, and the performance evaluation methods formed cannot fully meet the requirements of science and technology enterprises. management needs. How to build a project performance evaluation system that meets the performance needs of major scientific and technological projects and takes into account the improvement of enterprise innovation capabilities has become a key issue that needs to be solved urgently in the performance evaluation of current scientific research projects. By selecting the national-level, provincial-level and group-owned scientific research projects undertaken by X Research Institute Co., Ltd., a coal technology enterprise, from 1996 to 2021 as research samples, and using research methods such as peer review, hierarchical analysis and data envelopment analysis, it is clarified The content of performance evaluation of major scientific and technological projects has formed a set of candidate indicators for the evaluation system, constructed a performance evaluation index system suitable for the management of major projects of coal science and technology enterprises, and established a performance evaluation and discrimination model for major scientific and technological projects of coal science and technology enterprises. The above research results have been applied in empirical and iterative analysis in the performance evaluation of major scientific and technological projects undertaken by the research object from 2016 to 2019, and the evaluation results are consistent with the project performance output.