Experimental study on characterization of mine wire rope detection signal properties based on magnetic field model
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摘要:
电磁检测是矿用钢丝绳缺陷可靠的检测手段之一。基于电磁法的矿用钢丝绳缺陷检测，目前存在缺陷与信号特性表征规律不明确的问题，定量识别时存在无关信号特性，影响识别准确性。采用三维磁偶极子理论计算、Maxwell模拟仿真与试验相互验证的方法，总结漏磁信号特性与缺陷变化之间的表征关系。首先建立磁场环境下的钢丝绳三维磁偶极子理论模型，应用模型对标准缺陷处进行磁场理论计算并进行Maxwell模拟仿真；分别提取理论值与仿真值的峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度四项信号特性，进行缺陷与信号的表征分析；最后设计缺陷进行试验验证，得到试验数值的斯皮尔曼相关系数。试验结果表明：缺陷的宽度、深度与峰/谷绝对值、波宽、峰谷差值3个信号特征值呈正相关，与峰谷值宽度无明显相关性；缺陷长度与峰/谷绝对值呈先上升后下降的趋势，与波宽、峰谷差值、峰谷值宽度呈正相关。并且发现宽度缺陷信号幅值最强，长度缺陷信号幅值最弱，深度信号幅值居中，峰谷差值和峰谷绝对值与缺陷相关性最高。该研究具有一定的工程指导价值。
Abstract:Electromagnetic detection is one of the reliable means of detecting mining wire rope defects. Based on the electromagnetic method of mining wire rope defect detection, there is a problem of unclear characterization law of defects and signal properties, and there are irrelevant signal properties in quantitative identification, which affects the accuracy of identification. The characterization relationship between the leakage signal characteristics and defect changes is summarized by using the method of three-dimensional magnetic dipole theory calculation, Maxwell simulation and experimental mutual verification. Firstly, the three-dimensional magnetic dipole theoretical model of steel wire rope under magnetic field environment is established, and the model is applied to the standard defects at the magnetic field theoretical calculations and Maxwell analog simulation; the peak/valley absolute value, wave width, peak/valley difference, peak/valley width of the theoretical and simulated values are extracted respectively, and the characterization analysis of the defects and the signals is carried out; finally, the design of defects is experimentally verified, and the experimental values of the Spearman correlation coefficients are obtained. The experimental results show that: the width and depth of defects are positively correlated with three signal eigenvalues of peak/valley absolute value, wave width and peak/valley difference, and there is no obvious correlation with peak/valley width; the length of defects shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with peak/valley absolute value, and positively correlates with wave width, peak/valley difference and peak/valley width. And it is found that the width defect signal amplitude is the strongest, the length defect signal amplitude is the weakest, the depth signal amplitude is in the middle, and the peak/valley difference and peak/valley absolute value have the highest correlation with the defect. This study has certain engineering guidance value.
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图 4 钢丝绳损伤信号随缺陷长度变化规律
Figure 4. Change pattern of wire rope damage signal with defect length
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图 5 钢丝绳损伤信号随缺陷宽度变化规律
Figure 5. Change pattern of wire rope damage signal with defect width
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图 6 钢丝绳损伤信号随缺陷深度变化规律
Figure 6. Change pattern of wire rope damage signal with defect depth
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图 7 损伤信号特征与缺陷长度变化规律
Figure 7. Damage signal characteristics and defect length variation pattern
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图 8 损伤信号特征与缺陷宽度变化规律
Figure 8. Damage signal characteristics and defect width variation pattern
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图 9 损伤信号特征与缺陷深度变化规律
Figure 9. Damage signal characteristics and defect depth variation pattern
表 1 长度信号特征统计
Table 1 Statistics of length signal characteristics
缺陷深度/mm 峰/谷绝对值/V 波宽/ms 峰谷差值/V 峰谷值宽度/ms 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 2 0.2427 0.2973 0.2636 0.2679 16100 10170 9940 12070 0.2462 0.2677 0.2371 0.2503 14100 12090 9870 12020 4 0.3370 0.3195 0.3435 0.3333 17000 14000 11440 14147 0.3655 0.2927 0.2913 0.3165 15300 14600 11000 13633 6 0.3399 0.2742 0.3433 0.3191 19800 11300 11100 14067 0.4337 0.3311 0.3378 0.3675 17100 16600 11930 15210 8 0.2450 0.2177 0.2601 0.2409 19300 13300 9800 14133 0.4751 0.3678 0.4225 0.4218 16300 17200 13700 15733 10 0.2015 0.1623 0.1663 0.1767 19230 13600 10700 14510 0.5444 0.3986 0.4424 0.4618 20900 16800 14400 17367 
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表 2 宽度信号特征统计
Table 2 Statistics of width signal characteristics
缺陷深度/mm 峰/谷绝对值/V 波宽/ms 峰谷差值/V 峰谷值宽度/ms 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 2 0.1705 0.2822 0.1677 0.2068 12320 11280 13520 12373 0.3538 0.4080 0.3127 0.3582 15800 12000 11326 13042 4 0.3135 0.8110 0.3127 0.4791 13030 12200 15470 13567 0.5912 1.0724 0.7176 0.7937 13810 15200 14060 14357 6 0.3781 0.8265 0.3814 0.5287 14500 13320 15600 14473 0.9538 1.1364 0.8303 0.9735 14300 14650 14000 14317 8 0.6736 1.01 0.6727 0.7854 15800 15200 15900 15633 1.1318 1.2485 1.3554 1.2452 14400 13400 15430 14410 10 0.6390 1.076 0.7558 0.8236 14000 15500 16700 15400 1.2309 1.4344 1.4649 1.3767 14600 14730 13600 14310
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表 3 深度信号特征统计
Table 3 Statistics of deep signal characteristics
缺陷深度/mm 峰/谷绝对值/V 波宽/ms 峰谷差值/V 峰谷值宽度/ms 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 第一组 第二组 第三组 平均值 2 0.0913 0.1022 0.1024 0.0986 1300 1122 755 1059 0.1890 0.1839 0.2294 0.2008 2070 1060 795 1308 4 0.3817 0.4415 0.3437 0.3890 2400 1060 1614 1691 0.7863 0.8403 0.7154 0.7807 2930 1800 1700 2143 6 0.3840 0.4346 0.4596 0.4261 1950 1970 1620 18467 0.7767 0.9205 0.9669 0.8880 2890 1760 1650 2100 8 0.4694 0.4994 0.4574 0.4754 2400 1880 1760 2013 0.8500 1.0655 0.9791 0.9649 2560 1830 1730 2040 10 0.6766 0.6939 0.5163 0.6289 2310 2050 2039 2133 1.3044 1.4628 0.9068 1.2247 2000 2110 1980 2030
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表 4 斯皮尔曼分析
Table 4 Spearman analysis
缺陷特征 特征值 相关系数 显著性（P值） 双尾级别 长度 峰谷绝对值/V − 0.6001 0.018 0.05 波宽/ms — 0.587 — 峰谷差值/V 0.884 <0.001 0.01 峰谷值宽度/ms 0.611 0.016 0.05 宽度 峰谷绝对值/V 0.742 0.002 0.01 波宽/ms 0.720 0.002 0.01 峰谷差值/V 0.927 <0.001 0.01 峰谷值宽度/ms — 0.508 — 深度 峰谷绝对值/V 0.949 <0.001 0.01 波宽/ms 0.699 0.004 0.01 峰谷差值/V 0.873 <0.001 0.01 峰谷值宽度/ms — 0.173 —
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