Industrialization bottlenecks and countermeasures for pumped storage utilization in underground spaces of closed coal mine
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摘要:
传统抽水储能电站作为成熟的规模化储能技术，受地形和土地资源等因素的限制，难以满足快速增长的新能源装机需求。在此背景下，基于关闭矿井地下空间开发抽水储能电站的技术思路逐渐受到关注，并被视为一种具有广阔应用前景的新型储能方式。为助力关闭矿井抽水储能产业化发展，系统梳理了国内外关闭矿井抽水储能电站的工程实践与研究进展，归纳了该技术在工程利用过程中所面临的关键挑战与现实需求。研究聚焦模式设计与选址规划、水循环环境影响机制、地下水库围岩稳定性与密闭性、电站运行多场耦合水力学特性4大核心基础技术领域，剖析了其研究进展与关键科学问题。进一步从技术、经济、政策、环境及社会多重视角，揭示制约产业化的核心矛盾，包括中试平台验证体系缺失、装机容量界定困难、地下空间产权碎片化、环境评估机制缺位及复合型人才短缺等诸多制约瓶颈。针对上述挑战，提出多维度协同发展对策，包括关键技术突破路径、工程经济提升策略、政策标准完善建议、生态环境协同管理及协同创新体系构建。研究旨在为我国关闭煤矿抽水储能技术从理论探索迈向工程产业化应用提供科学依据与技术路线，推动矿区资源绿色转型，助力新型电力系统清洁高效发展。
Abstract:Traditional pumped hydro storage (PHS), as a mature large-scale energy storage technology, is currently constrained by factors such as terrain and land resource availability, making it increasingly challenging to meet the rapidly growing demand for renewable energy capacity integration. Against this backdrop, the concept of utilizing underground spaces in decommissioned coal mines for pumped storage power generation has garnered significant attention and is regarded as a promising alternative energy storage solution. To facilitate the industrialization of pumped storage in abandoned mines, this study systematically reviews engineering practices and research progress in this field both domestically and internationally. The key technical challenges and practical constraints encountered in engineering applications are identified. The research focuses on four fundamental technical domains: system design and site selection, hydrological and environmental impact mechanisms, stability and impermeability of underground reservoirs, and the coupled multi-field hydrodynamic characteristics of power station operation. The study further explores the core barriers to industrialization from five perspectives: technological feasibility, economic viability, policy frameworks, environmental sustainability, and societal acceptance. These barriers include the absence of a pilot validation system, difficulties in accurately determining installed capacity, fragmentation of underground space ownership, lack of comprehensive life-cycle environmental assessment mechanisms, and shortages of interdisciplinary professionals possessing cross-sectoral expertise. To address these challenges, a multidimensional coordinated development strategy is proposed, encompassing pathways for key technological advancements, engineering economic optimization strategies, policy and regulatory improvements, ecological and environmental management frameworks, and interdisciplinary innovation systems. The findings aim to provide a scientific foundation and technical roadmap for transitioning pumped storage technology in abandoned coal mines from theoretical research to large-scale engineering applications, thereby promoting the green transformation of mining regions and supporting the clean and efficient development of modern power systems.
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图 1 我国风光装机容量变化
Figure 1. Evolution of wind and solar power installed capacity in China
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图 2 我国24省储能装机容量情况
Figure 2. Distribution of energy storage installed capacity across 24 provincial-level administrative units in China
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图 5 地下水库围岩稳定与密闭性研究体系
Figure 5. Research system of surrounding rock stability and tightness of underground reservoir
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图 6 关闭矿井抽水储能电站水力学研究架构
Figure 6. Hydraulic research framework for pumped storage power stations in abandoned mines
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图 8 关闭煤矿抽水储能产业化发展路径
Figure 8. Industrialization development path for pumped storage systems in closed coal mines
表 1 国内外部分建设中的关闭矿井抽水储能电站工程情况[29]
Table 1 Engineering design parameters of closed mine pumped storage power station constructed at home and abroad[29]
电站 类型 水库巷道长/m 水头高/m 库容/103 m3 功率/MW 状态 主要制约因素 美国Mount Hope发电站 半地下 — 810 6 200 2 040 失败 政策、技术 西班牙Asturian发电站 半地下 5 700 300～600 170 23.52 规划 技术、社会 南非FWR发电站 全地下 67 000 1 200/1 500 1 000 抽955/发1 230 规划 技术、经济 德国Prosper-Haniel发电站 半地下 15 500 560 600 200 暂停 政策、技术 德国Grund ore mine发电站 全地下 25 000 700 240～260 100 规划 政策、经济 中国滦平发电站 全地上 — 470 1 810 300 启动 技术 中国句容石砀山铜矿发电站 半地下 20 460 339 约7 000 1 200 启动 技术 
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