Transition and continuation scheme of open-pit mining area under complex engineering geological conditions
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摘要:
大型近水平煤田采用露天开采时，为实现安全高效生产、尽快回收投资成本，通常采取分区开采方式。因此在旧采区即将到界之前，必然要考虑新旧采区过渡接续的问题。露天煤矿采区转向方案的制定关系到转向期间产能的顺利接续，直接影响到矿山的经济效益。针对实际生产中，部分矿山受限于征地制度、开采强度及复杂地质条件等问题，迫使露天煤矿采区提前转向，研究通过调节转向期间局部工作线长度、推进速度等关键参数，优化转向期间的剥采方案，保证矿山接续顺利。白音华一号露天煤矿由于采场北帮东侧发生严重变形影响，为保障产能接续顺利，首采区被迫提前向二采区转向。但二采区征地范围有限，缓帮工作线无法全线展开，导致原有开采程序发生变化。为保证白音华一号露天煤矿首采区向二采区转向过渡接续顺利完成，提出了一种改进L形工作线采区转向过渡接续方式，并在此基础上明确不同工作线长度与推进度的约束关系。通过工程模拟推演，确定了白音华一号露天煤矿首采区向二采区转向过渡期为6a；转向期间可采煤量
7294.07 万t，剥离量43141.29 万m3，生产剥采比5.91 m3/t。成果为白音华一号露天煤矿首采区向二采区转向提供了充分的技术支持，并为复杂工程地质条件下露天采区转向过渡接续提供了相关经验。Abstract:When large-scale near-level coal field adopts open-pit mining, in order to realise safe and efficient production and recover the investment cost as soon as possible, it usually adopts the way of mining in sub-districts, so before the old mining area is about to reach the boundary, it is inevitable to consider the problem of the transition succession between the old and new mining areas. Therefore, before the old mining area reaches the boundary, the issue of the transition between the old and new mining areas must be considered. The formulation of a turning plan for an open-pit coal mine mining area is related to the smooth transition of production capacity during the turning period, which directly affects the economic benefits of the mine. In actual production, some mines are limited by issues such as the land acquisition system, mining intensity, and complex geological conditions, which force open-pit coal mines to turn early. Research has shown that by adjusting key parameters such as the length and advancement speed of the local working line during the turning period, the stripping and mining plan during the turning period can be optimized to ensure a smooth transition of the mine. Due to the serious deformation of the east side of the north bench of the Baiyinhua No.1 open-pit coal mine, the first mining area was forced to shift to the second mining area ahead of schedule in order to ensure the smooth continuation of production capacity. However, the land acquisition for the second mining area was limited, and the gentle bench working line could not be fully deployed, resulting in changes to the original mining procedures. In order to ensure the smooth transition of the first mining area to the second mining area of Baiyinhua No. 1 Open Pit Coal Mine, an improved method of transition and connection for the L-shaped working line mining area is proposed, and on this basis, the constraint relationship between the length and advancement of different working lines is clarified. Through engineering simulation, it is determined that the transition period from the first mining area to the second mining area of Baiyinhua No. 1 Open Pit Coal Mine is 6 years; the amount of coal that can be mined during the transition period is
72.9407 million tons, the amount of overburden removed is431.4129 million m3, with a stripping ratio of 5.91 m3/t. The research results provide sufficient technical support for the transition from the first mining area to the second mining area of the Baiyinhua No. 1 open-pit coal mine, and provide relevant experience for the transition and connection of open-pit mining areas under complex engineering geological conditions. -
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图 1 白音华一号露天煤矿开采现状
Figure 1. Present situation map of Baiyinhua No.1 open-pit coal mine
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图 3 留沟缓帮转向方式示意
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of continuous transition mode with ditch retention and gentle slope
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图 5 改进L形工作线转向方式第一阶段示意
Figure 5. The first stage diagram of the improved L-type working line transition mode
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图 6 改进L形工作线转向方式第二阶段示意
Figure 6. The second stage diagram of the improved L-type working line transition mode
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图 7 改进L形工作线转向方式第三阶段示意
Figure 7. The third stage diagram of the improved L-type working line transition mode
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图 8 改进L形工作线转向方式第四阶段示意
Figure 8. The fourth stage diagram of the improved L-type working line transition mode
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图 9 转向工程期间各年度采场工程位置
Figure 9. Stope engineering location map of each year during steering engineering period
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图 10 年度工程位置生产剥采比及累计剥采比曲线
Figure 10. Annual engineering location production stripping ratio and cumulative stripping ratio curve
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图 11 转向起始与结束工程位置
Figure 11. Transition and continuation start and finish engineering position
表 1 各年度工程位置数据表
Table 1 Data table of annual engineering location
日期 采煤量/万t 剥离量/万m3 剥采比/（m3·t−1） 现状 — — — 转向第1年 1206.69 7210.38 5.98 转向第2年 1220.63 7219.61 5.92 转向第3年 1220.40 7132.15 5.84 转向第4年 1215.12 7147.41 5.88 转向第5年 1214.78 7210.58 5.94 转向第6年 1216.45 7221.16 5.94 合计 7294.07 43141.29 5.91 
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