Technology and application of coal and CBM co-mining in east fifth panel of sihe mine
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摘要:
高瓦斯矿井煤层含气量大，单纯的井下瓦斯抽采受时间及空间制约，导致井下抽采效果受限。同时，由于井下通常仅依靠钻孔进行负压抽采，煤层增透手段和改造方式缺乏，导致抽采不充分，煤层含气量总体降幅小，无法快速实现工作面消突、达到保障矿井安全生产的要求。运用油气开发技术在地面进行煤层气抽采，煤层增透措施不受空间限制，可采用多种手段进行煤层改造，提升储层渗透性。同时，根据采掘规划，在地面超前布置煤层气抽采工程，对煤层进行长时间超前预抽，可减少井下瓦斯抽采工程量，缩短井下瓦斯抽采和达标时间，保障矿井安全生产。为大幅降低高瓦斯煤层含气量，提升煤炭开采效率与安全生产水平，针对寺河矿东五盘区煤层气地质特征，结合盘区采掘衔接规划，开展相适应的煤层气地面与井下抽采技术与工艺研究，探索高瓦斯矿井的煤与煤层气高效协调开发。采用理论分析与现场测试相结合的方式，对东五盘区开展多种煤层气地面与井下抽采尝试，综合降低煤层含气量。并通过地面抽采效果检验井，评价东五盘区煤层气抽采实际效果。经过近20 a的井上下连续抽采，东五盘区规划区3号煤层剩余含气量降到8 m3/t以下，平均降幅在50%以上；准备区抽采达标时间缩短了15%以上，保障了矿井高产高效；生产区井下精准抽采甲烷浓度提高5%以上，工作面抽采率提高5%以上，确保井下高效抽采。东五盘区地面大规模超前预抽已基本实现高瓦斯煤层的低瓦斯采掘。煤与煤层气共采既通过地面超前预抽大幅度降低了煤层含气量、增加了煤层气产量，又通过井下精准抽采填补了地面抽采盲区，实现了煤层气抽采的全覆盖，节约了井下瓦斯抽采成本。寺河矿东五盘区煤与煤层气共采的成功实施，不仅有效保障了高瓦斯煤层的低瓦斯开采，也大幅度降低了甲烷排空污染大气环境，同时还促进了沁南煤层气产业基地的建设，为其他高瓦斯矿井的煤与煤层气共采提供了参考与借鉴，对煤与煤层气共采技术的推广具有重要的意义。
Abstract:The gas content of coal seam in high gas mine is large. and the simple underground gas extraction is restricted by time and space, which leads to the limited effect of underground gas extraction. At the same time, because the underground usually only rely on drilling for negative pressure extraction, the lack of coal seam anti-reflection means and transformation methods leads to insufficient gas extraction. The overall gas reduction is small, which couldn’t meet the requirements of working face gas outburst elimination and ensure mine safety production. The use of oil and gas development technology for coal seam gas extraction on the ground, coal seam permeability improvement measures are not limited by space. Various means could be used to stimulate coal seams and improve reservoir permeability. At the same time, according to the mining plan, the gas extraction project is arranged in advance on the ground. The coal seam gas is pre-extracted for a long time. Which could reduce the underground gas extraction project, shorten the underground gas extraction and standard time, and ensure the safe production of the mine. In order to greatly reduce the gas content and improve the efficiency of coal mining and the level of safe production, according to the gas geological characteristics of the east fifth plate of Sihe mine, combined with the mining and excavation connection planning of the plate, the corresponding surface and underground gas extraction technology and process research are carried out to explore the efficient and coordinated development of coal and CBM in high gas mines. By combining theoretical analysis and field test, a variety of ground and underground gas extraction attempts are carried out in the east fifth plate to comprehensively reduce the gas content of the coal seam. And through the ground extraction effect test well, the gas extraction effect of the east fifth plate is evaluated. After nearly 20 years of continuous extraction, the remaining gas content of No.3 coal seam in the planning area is reduced to less than 8 m3/t, with an average decrease above 50%. The extraction time of the preparation area is shortened by more than 15%, which ensure the high yield and high efficiency of the mine. The methane concentration of underground precise extraction in the production area is increased by more than 5%, and the extraction rate of working face is increased by more than 5%, which ensure the efficient extraction of underground. The large-scale advance pre-extraction on the ground in the east fifth plate have basically realized low-gas mining in high-gas coal seam. The co-mining of coal and CBM not only greatly reduces the gas content and increases the production of CBM through ground advanced pre-extraction, but also fills the blind area of ground extraction through underground precise extraction. Which realize the full coverage of gas extraction and save the cost of underground gas extraction. The successful implementation of the co-mining of coal and CBM in the east fifth plate of Sihe coal mine not only effectively guarantees the low-gas mining in high-gas coal seam, but also greatly reduces the atmospheric environment polluted by CBM emptying. At the same time, it also promotes the construction of the Qinnan CBM industrial base, and provides reference for the co-mining of coal and CBM in other high-gas mines. It has important value for the promotion of coal and CBM co-mining.
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图 1 晋城矿区四区联动煤与煤层气共采机制
Figure 1. Coal and CBM co-mining mechanism of “four region linkage” in Jincheng mining area
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图 6 准备区地面压裂井下长钻孔联合抽采技术
Figure 6. Long borehole extraction technology for ground fracturing in preparation area
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图 7 井下定向长钻孔抽采地面煤层气井压裂影响区示意
Figure 7. Underground directional long borehole extraction technology in CBM well fracturing influence area
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图 10 采动区煤层气地面L型井抽采示意
Figure 10. L-type horizontal CBM well extraction technology in mining area
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图 11 L型水平井抽采煤层气浓度及纯量曲线
Figure 11. Extraction gas concentration and pure quantity of L-type horizontal well
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图 12 地面井运行前后工作面瓦斯浓度变化曲线
Figure 12. Gas concentration change in mining face after surface well operation
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图 13 井下区域递进式定向长钻孔精准均衡抽采
Figure 13. Progressive directional long borehole precise balanced extraction in underground coal mine
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图 15 过采空区抽采下组煤煤层气技术示意
Figure 15. Technical diagram of extracting lower CBM through mine goaf
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图 16 东五盘区3号煤层原始含气量等值线
Figure 16. Original gas content contour map of No.3 coal seam in east fifth plate
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图 17 东五盘区3号煤层剩余含气量等值线
Figure 17. Contour map of residual gas content of No.3 coal seam in east fifth plate
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图 18 抽采前后煤层含气量对比
注：紫色为1992—1995年测试孔，橘红色为2005年测试孔，蓝色为2012年抽采效果检验孔，褐色为2015年抽采效果检验孔。
Figure 18. Comparison of gas content before and after CBM drainage
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图 19 东五盘区原始含气量与剩余量对比
Figure 19. Comparison of original gas content and residual gas content in coal
表 1 可采煤层特征
Table 1 Characteristics of mineable coal seam
煤层 煤层厚度/m 可采性 顶底板岩性 顶板 底板 3号 4.95～7.22
6.14全区可采 泥岩、砂质泥岩 泥岩、砂质泥岩、粉砂岩 9号 0～1.35
0.86大部可采 粉砂岩 泥岩、粉砂岩 15 1.20～4.00
2.52全区可采 石灰岩 泥岩 注：数据格式为$\dfrac{最小值 \sim 最大值}{平均值} $；3号煤层与9号煤层层间距为$\dfrac{ {43.00\sim 59.28}}{48.01} $，m；9号煤层与15号煤层层间距为$\dfrac{{24.15 \sim 52.15}}{36.53} $，m。 
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