Study on aggregate accumulation and growth mechanism in underground dynamic water cutting-off construction
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摘要:
灌注骨料形成阻水屏障实现截流降速是井下治水工程的关键所在。为定量描述骨料堆积生长的时空演化机理，提出了将骨料沉降堆积过程切分为具有一定厚度的片状颗粒层堆叠过程的分析计算方法，以及动水环境中骨料灌注后从沉降到堆积全过程关键参量(颗粒水平移距xd，动水休止角ψ，未接顶区流速U，骨料留存临界流速Ucr)的理论计算公式，在此基础上构建了骨料堆积体生长预测模型。通过CFD-DEM双向耦合算法研究了骨料灌注期间流场分布演化特征和骨料堆积形态差异，并验证了预测模型合理性。研究表明：空间上，依据初始流速Us是否超过骨料起动流速Uc或骨料留存临界流速Ucr，可将截流初期骨料沉积主域的所在位置划分为3个区域，若沉积主域位于③区，则将其视为无效灌注；时间上，骨料堆积体生长过程可归结为3个阶段：高度快速增长阶段、高度长度同步生长阶段、仅水平向伸长阶段；初始流速决定了第1阶段的有无，而灌注条件(骨料粒径、灌注速度)主导着第1阶段所持续的时间；基于泥沙运动力学中推移质输沙率、起动流速等概念，得出了堵孔现象发生及骨料能否留存的临界判据；数值模拟试验结果表明，预测模型能够较好地刻画骨料灌注后的堆积生长规律，骨料堆积稳定后，理论计算值与模拟试验值相对误差小于10%。
Abstract:The key to inrush water control engineering in coal mine lies in forming a water-resistant barrier through the pouring of aggregate, which achieves flow interception and reduction. In order to quantitatively describe the spatiotemporal evolution mechanism of aggregate accumulation, an analytical calculation method is proposed to divide the process of aggregate settling and stacking into the process of particle layers superposition with a certain thickness and theoretical formulas for the entire process from settlement to pile after aggregate pouring in a dynamic water environment about critical parameters (horizontal displacement of particle xd, dynamic repose angle ψ, flow velocity in the topping zone U, critical flow velocity for aggregate retention Ucr) are proposed. Based on this, a prediction model about the growth of aggregate accumulation is constructed. The distribution characteristics of the flow field and the differences in aggregate accumulation morphology during the pouring period are studied with CFD-DEM, and the rationality of the prediction model is verified. The study reveals that spatially, the location of the main sedimentary domain during the initial interception phase can be divided into three regions, depending on whether the initial flow velocity Us exceeds the incipient flow velocity for particles Uc or the critical flow velocity for aggregate retention Ucr. That is considered ineffective pouring if the main sedimentary domain lies in region ③. Temporally, the growth process of aggregate accumulation can be summarized into three stages: a height rapid increase stage, a synchronous growth stage in height and length, and a stage with only horizontal elongation. The presence of the first stage is determined by the initial flow velocity, while the duration of the first stage is predominantly governed by the pouring conditions (particle size, pouring rate). A critical criterion for pore clogging and aggregate retention is derived based on sediment transport rate and incipient flow velocity from sediment dynamics. The numerical simulation experimental results indicate that the prediction model effectively characterizes the growth law of aggregate accumulation because the relative error between the theoretical calculation values and the simulated experiment values is less than 10% after the aggregate stacking stabilizes.
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图 1 灌注初期骨料沉降堆积过程
Figure 1. Aggregate settlement and stacking process at the initial stage of pouring
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图 9 灌注期间骨料堆积形态及流速分布
Figure 9. Stacking morphology of aggregates and velocity distribution during pouring
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图 10 巷道横断面不同高度处流速变化曲线
Figure 10. Evolution of velocity at different height in a section
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图 11 动水休止角理论公式值与试验数据对比
Figure 11. Comparison between theoretical formula and experiment for dynamic repose angle
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图 12 不同流场中骨料堆积形态差异对比
Figure 12. Comparison of differences in aggregate stacking morphology in different flow fields
表 1 计算模型材料参数
Table 1 Material parameters used in the model
颗粒参数 流体参数 颗粒密度ρs /
(kg·m−3)弹性模量E /
(MN·m−2)泊松比v 恢复系数e 滑动摩擦因数μr 滚动摩擦因数μf 密度ρ/
(kg·m−3)动力黏度μf/
(kg·m−1·s−1)2 650 5 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 1 000 0.001 
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表 2 骨料堆积体内部孔隙率
Table 2 Porosity of aggregate accumulation
粒径/mm 初始流速/(m·s−1) 孔隙率/% 10 0 41.17 0.3 42.48 0.5 42.74 0.8 43.06 15 0 41.53 0.3 43.05 0.5 43.27 0.8 43.55 20 0 42.25 0.3 42.74 0.5 43.02 0.8 43.69
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表 3 模拟试验方案
Table 3 Simulation test scheme
编号 初始流速/(m·s−1) 粒径/mm 灌注速度/(kg·s−1) 方案一 0.5 15 0.5、1.0、2.0 方案二 0.3、0.5、0.8 15 1.0
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表 4 预测模型与模拟试验误差统计
Table 4 Statistical analysis of relative errors between prediction model and simulation test
t /s ey,max / % el,max / % 方案一 方案二 方案一 方案二 5 15.2 18.0 16.9 17.7 10 6.6 6.6 8.8 9.9 15 3.0 3.2 9.7 8.6 20 2.7 1.9 9.3 8.1 25 3.0 3.8 8.5 7.7 30 1.0 1.0 6.6 3.4 35 1.6 1.6 7.4 5.5 40 1.8 0.8 4.4 5.4 45 1.6 0.7 2.6 4.5 50 1.2 1.1 6.0 3.3 注：ey,max为堆积高度相对误差最大值；el,max为堆积长度相对误差最大值
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