Valuation method for sub-indicators of rock burst risk based on mining depth and tectonic stress
-
摘要:
深部工程岩体复杂赋存环境致使其力学特性不同于浅部，在煤矿开采扰动下时常诱发冲击地压灾害，冲击地压危险性评价在煤矿动力灾害防控中起着重要作用。然而，考虑构造应力影响因素W5的综合指数法子指标计算中，正常应力值并无明确的取值依据。针对此问题，首先，理清了我国煤矿开采深度现状与地应力分布规律，确定了数值研究中自变量（采深、地应力）的存在范围，基于室内试验结果建立了数值模型并开展了地下岩体开挖数值模拟，分析了破坏体积演化特征与规律，揭示了高地应力显现点对应的临界地应力比随采深的演化规律，建立了高应力显现临界地应力比的定量表达及高应力显现条件判据，最终提出了一种新的基于开采深度与构造应力的冲击地压危险指数子指标。结果表明：冲击地压危险性表现为矿压显现与煤岩体动力失稳，可将高应力显现与强破坏特征判定为“深部”条件；地下岩体破坏体积随地应力比和埋深的增大而增加，破坏体积曲线演化特征随岩性不同表现出差异性；高地应力显现点对应的地应力比随埋深增加而呈指数形式减小，当埋深趋于无穷大时，高应力显现临界地应力比趋于0.6；当地应力比大于等于高地应力显现点对应的临界地应力比时，出现高地应力显现特征；正常应力值可取为高地应力显现点对应的最大水平地应力。提出的子指标可以准确地评价不同开采深度、不同构造应力条件下的冲击危险性，也体现了防冲工作的个性化特点。
Abstract:The mechanical properties of deep rocks differ from those of the shallow layers due to the complex environment. Rock burst disasters are often induced under the disturbance of coal mining. The rock burst risk assessment plays an important role in the prevention of dynamic disasters. However, in the calculation of the sub-indicators for the comprehensive index method considering the influence of geostress factor W5, there is no clear basis for determining the normal stress value. To address this issue, the current situation of coal mining depth and the distribution law of geostress in China were firstly clarified. The range of the mining depth and geostress in the numerical research was then determined. Based on laboratory test results, a numerical model was established and simulations of underground excavation were carried out. The evolution law of the failure volume was analysed, revealing the evolutionary relationship between the stress ratio near high geostress manifestation points and mining depth. A quantitative expression for the critical crustal stress ratio and a criterion for high geostress manifestations were established. Finally, a new sub-indicator of rock burst risk index based on mining depth and geostress was proposed. The results are as follows. Firstly, the high geostress behavior and dynamic instability of coal-rocks are generally obvious in the rock burst. In this case, high geostress manifestations and strong failure characteristics can be identified as “deep” conditions. Secondly, the failure volume of the underground rock increases with the increasing crustal stress ratio and buried depth, with variations in the failure volume curves depending on the rock type. Thirdly, the critical crustal stress ratio, which corresponds to the limit of high geostress, decreases exponentially with the increase of buried depth. When the buried depth tends to the infinity, the critical geostress ratio tends to 0.6. Fourthly, when the crustal stress ratio is greater than or equal to the critical crustal stress ratio, the characteristics of high geostress manifestations occur. Lastly, the value of the normal stress can be defined as the maximum horizontal crustal stress corresponding to the occurrence point of high geostress manifestation. The proposed sub- indicators accurately evaluate rock burst risks under different mining depths and tectonic stress conditions, highlighting the personalized characteristics in the prevention of rock burst.
-
Keywords:
- deep /
- rock burst /
- risk evaluation indicator /
- high in-situ stress /
- mining depth /
- tectonic stress
-
-
![]()
图 3 2种岩石的试验曲线与模拟曲线对照
Figure 3. Comparison between test curves and simulated curves of two rocks
![]()
图 6 不同埋深与应力比下的破坏单元体积
Figure 6. Volume of failure unit under different burial depths and stress ratios
![]()
图 8 新旧取值方法在冲击地压矿井中的计算实例
Figure 8. Case study of old and new valuation methods in rock burst mines
![]()
图 9 新旧取值方法对评价指标的影响
Figure 9. Influence of new and old valuation methods on evaluation indicators
![]()
图 10 融合新方法的冲击地压处理流程
Figure 10. Flowchart of rock burst treatment incorporating new methods
![]()
图 11 某工作面末采阶段冲击程度范围评价
Figure 11. Evaluation of rock burst range during final mining stage of a working face
表 1 地应力参数回归公式
Table 1 In-situ stress parameter regression formula
序号 Kmax计算公式 Kmin计算公式 1 ${K_{\mathrm{max}}} = 250/H + 0.92$[12] ${K_{\mathrm{min}}} = 160/H + 0.56$[12] 2 $ {K_{\mathrm{max}}} = 115.14/H + 1.31 $[13] ${K_{\mathrm{min}}} = 67.81/H + 0.74$[13] 3 ${K_{\mathrm{max}}} = 160.35/H + 0.801$[14] ${K_{\mathrm{min}}} = 99.86/H + 0.405$[14] 4 ${K_{\mathrm{max}}} = 190.3/H + 1.039\;9$[16] ${K_{\mathrm{min}}} = 97.7/H + 0.670\;7$[16] 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 数值模拟参数
Table 2 Numerical simulation parameters
岩石种类 红砂岩 黑砂岩 弹性模量/GPa 10.119 14.458 泊松比 0.287 0.263 峰值黏聚力/MPa 17.707 28.265 残余黏聚力/MPa 4.374 0.308 峰值内摩擦角/（°） 28.225 33.135 残余内摩擦角/（°） 33.472 35.25 密度/（kg·m−3） 2700 2700
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 地应力组合方案
Table 3 Combined scheme of ground stress
取值顺序 待定参数 取值方法 1 埋深/m 任取一埋深值H 2 竖直应力/MPa ${\sigma _{\mathrm{v}}} = 0.027\;1H$ 3 最大水平
地应力/MPa${\sigma _{{\mathrm{max,min}}}} = 1.1{\sigma _{\mathrm{min}}}$ $ {\sigma _{{\mathrm{max,min}}}} \lt {\sigma _{\mathrm{max}}} \lt {\sigma _{{\mathrm{max,max}}}} $时，按需取值 ${\sigma _{{\mathrm{max,max}}}} = (1\;550/H + 0.6) {\sigma _{\mathrm{v}}}$
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 冲击地压危险性评价子指标
Table 4 Sub-indicators for evaluating the impact pressure
影响因素 因素说明 因素分类 危险指数 W2 开采深度H $H \leqslant 400\;{\mathrm{m}}$ 0 $400\;{\mathrm{m}} \leqslant H \leqslant 600\;{\mathrm{m}}$ 1 $600\;{\mathrm{m}} \leqslant H \leqslant 800\;{\mathrm{m}}$ 2 $800\;{\mathrm{m }}\lt H$ 3 W5 开采区域内构造引起的应力增量与正常应力值之比$ \gamma = ({\sigma _{\mathrm{max}}} - \sigma )/\sigma $ $\gamma \leqslant 10{\text{%}} $ 0 $10{\text{%}} \leqslant \gamma \leqslant 20{\text{%}} $ 1 $20{\text{%}} \leqslant \gamma \leqslant 30{\text{%}} $ 2 $30{\text{%}} \leqslant \gamma $ 3
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛. 我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1844−1851. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2003.11.019 PAN Yishan,LI Zhonghua,ZHANG Mengtao. Distribution,type,mechanism and prevention of rockbrust in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1844−1851. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2003.11.019
[2] 窦林名,李振雷,张敏. 煤矿冲击地压灾害监测预警技术研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2016,44(7):41−46. DOU Linming,LI Zhenlei,ZHANG Min. Study on monitoring and early warning technology of mine pressure bump disaster[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(7):41−46.
[3] 谭云亮,郭伟耀,辛恒奇,等. 煤矿深部开采冲击地压监测解危关键技术研究[J]. 煤炭学报,2019,44(1):160−172. TAN Yunliang,GUO Weiyao,XIN Hengqi,et al. Key technology of rock burst monitoring and control in deep coal mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):160−172.
[4] 潘俊锋,齐庆新,刘少虹,等. 我国煤炭深部开采冲击地压特征、类型及分源防控技术[J]. 煤炭学报,2020,45(1):111−121. PAN Junfeng,QI Qingxin,LIU Shaohong,et al. Characteristics,types and prevention and control technology of rock burst in deep coal mining in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(1):111−121.
[5] 齐庆新,潘一山,李海涛,等. 煤矿深部开采煤岩动力灾害防控理论基础与关键技术[J]. 煤炭学报,2020,45(5):1567−1584. QI Qingxin,PAN Yishan,LI Haitao,et al. Theoretical basis and key technology of prevention and control of coal-rock dynamic disasters in deep coal mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(5):1567−1584.
[6] 李震,史文豪,高鑫,等. 基于煤岩冲击与大变形特征的统一脆延性指标研究[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2022,50(10):19−27. LI Zhen,SHI Wenhao,GAO Xin,et al. Study on unified brittle-ductility index based on burst tendency and large deformation of coal-rock[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(10):19−27.
[7] 潘俊锋,冯美华,卢振龙,等. 煤矿冲击地压综合监测预警平台研究及应用[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2021,49(6):32−41. PAN Junfeng,FENG Meihua,LU Zhenlong,et al. Research and application of comprehensive monitoring and early warning platform for coal mine rock burst[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2021,49(6):32−41.
[8] 黄炳香,张农,靖洪文,等. 深井采动巷道围岩流变和结构失稳大变形理论[J]. 煤炭学报,2020,45(3):911−926. HUANG Bingxiang,ZHANG Nong,JING Hongwen,et al. Large deformation theory of rheology and structural instability of the surrounding rock in deep mining roadway[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2020,45(3):911−926.
[9] 李利萍,潘一山,王晓纯,等. 开采深度和垂直冲击荷载对超低摩擦型冲击地压的影响分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(S1):3225−3230. LI Liping,PAN Yishan,WANG Xiaochun,et al. Influence analysis of exploit depth and vertical impact load on anomalously low friction rock burst[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(S1):3225−3230.
[10] 李铁,蔡美峰,纪洪广. 抚顺煤田深部开采临界深度的定量判别[J]. 煤炭学报,2010,35(3):363−367. LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,JI Hongguang. Quantitative discrimination of critical depth in deep exploitation in Fushun coalfield[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(3):363−367.
[11] 路凯旋,徐连满. 我国矿井冲击地压临界深度研究[J]. 煤炭技术,2020,39(5):31−33. LU Kaixuan,XU Lianman. Study on critical depth of rock burst in mines in China[J]. Coal Technology,2020,39(5):31−33.
[12] 王艳华,崔效锋,胡幸平,等. 基于原地应力测量数据的中国大陆地壳上部应力状态研究[J]. 地球物理学报,2012,55(9):3016−3027. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.020 WANG Yanhua,CUI Xiaofeng,HU Xingping,et al. Study on the stress state in upper crust of China mainland based on in situ stress measurements[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2012,55(9):3016−3027. doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.09.020
[13] 李鹏,苗胜军. 中国煤矿矿区地应力场特征与断层活动性分析[J]. 煤炭学报,2016,41(S2):319−329. LI Peng,MIAO Shengjun. Analysis of the characteristics of in situ stress field and fault activity in the coal mining area of China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(S2):319−329.
[14] 康红普,伊丙鼎,高富强,等. 中国煤矿井下地应力数据库及地应力分布规律[J]. 煤炭学报,2019,44(1):23−33. KANG Hongpu,YI Bingding,GAO Fuqiang,et al. Database and characteristics of underground in situ stress distribution in Chinese coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):23−33.
[15] 陈世达,汤达祯,陶树,等. 煤层气储层地应力场宏观分布规律统计分析[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):57−63. CHEN Shida,TANG Dazhen,TAO Shu,et al. Statistic analysis on macro distribution law of geostress field in coalbed methane reservoir[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):57−63.
[16] 景锋,盛谦,张勇慧,等. 中国大陆浅层地壳实测地应力分布规律研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2056−2062. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.10.014 JING Feng,SHENG Qian,ZHANG Yonghui,et al. Research on distribution rule of shallow crustal geostress in China mainland[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2056−2062. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2007.10.014
[17] 王钱款,邱士利,程瑶,等. 基于GIS的深埋超长隧道岩爆等级评估方法[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2021,52(8):2572−2587. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2021.08.006 WANG Qiankuan,QIU Shili,CHENG Yao,et al. Method of evaluation of rock burst classification based on GIS for deeply-buried ultra-long tunnels[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology),2021,52(8):2572−2587. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7207.2021.08.006
[18] 张建民,李全生,张勇,等. 煤炭深部开采界定及采动响应分析[J]. 煤炭学报,2019,44(5):1314−1325. ZHANG Jianmin,LI Quansheng,ZHANG Yong,et al. Definition of deep coal mining and response analysis[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(5):1314−1325.
[19] 姜福兴,张翔,朱斯陶. 煤矿冲击地压防治体系中的关键问题探讨[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2023,51(1):203−213. JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xiang,ZHU Sitao. Discussion on key problems in prevention and control system of coal mine rock burst[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2023,51(1):203−213.
[20] 姜耀东,潘一山,姜福兴,等. 我国煤炭开采中的冲击地压机理和防治[J]. 煤炭学报,2014,39(2):205−213. JIANG Yaodong,PAN Yishan,JIANG Fuxing,et al. State of the art review on mechanism and prevention of coal bumps in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(2):205−213.
[21] 李震,赵洪波,刘尚各,等. 考虑围压效应和塑性演化机制的中密砂力学模型[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(11):2610−2620. LI Zhen,ZHAO Hongbo,LIU Shangge,et al. Mechanical model for medium dense sand considering confining pressure effect and plastic evolution[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(11):2610−2620.
[22] ZHOU H,CHEN J,LU J J,et al. A new rock brittleness evaluation index based on the internal friction angle and class I stress–strain curve[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(7):2309−2316. doi: 10.1007/s00603-018-1487-0
计量
- 文章访问数: 69
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
- PDF下载量: 28
