Dynamic control of working slope shape and optimization of advance speed in seasonally stripped open-pit coal mine
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摘要:
季节性剥离露天煤矿由于剥离工程的不连续性使得工作帮超前推进距离巨大，为了减小超前剥离、节省剥离运距，从季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮形态动态控制、工作帮极限推进强度优化确定进行研究。阐述了季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮形态及作业程序，分析了工作帮形态及推进强度影响因素。根据季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮结构形式和采剥作业方式，建立了工作帮形态优化工程模型，论述了工作帮循环推进距离与作业平盘宽度和采场露煤方式的关系；计算了组合台阶循环推进工程量和分层设备生产能力，给出了工作帮循环推进时间以及端帮运输系统可靠性计算方法。以最小化剥离物运输功为优化目标、剥采工程时空接续为约束条件建立了季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮形态优化数学模型并引入序列二次规划算法（SQP）进行非线性规划求解。提出通过确定剥离台阶组合方式和作业平盘宽度实现季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮形态动态控制的方法、剥离工作帮极限推进度优化确定方法。以胜利西二号露天煤矿为工程背景，将上述优化控制方法进行应用研究，通过建立剥离工作帮形态优化模型并将西二露天矿实际参数代入进行计算求解。结果表明：当组合台阶中台阶数目为5、作业平盘宽度为89 m时，工作帮推进满足剥采工程时空接续要求，且剥离物运输功最小。该形态下工作帮极限推进度为320 m/a，分析确定了台阶组合方式及循环推进距离变化时工作帮极限推进强度变化规律。
Abstract:Due to the discontinuity of the stripping project in seasonal stripping open-pit coal mines, the untimely advance distance of the working slope is huge. In order to reduce the advance stripping and save the stripping distance, research was carried out on dynamic control of the shape of the working slope and optimization of the limit advance speed of the working slope in seasonal stripped open-pit coal mines. This paper explains the shape and operation procedure of the working slope in seasonal stripped open-pit coal mines and analyzes factors that influence working slope shape and advance speed. Based on structural form of working slope and stripping operation mode of seasonally stripped open-pit coal mines, an engineering model for shape optimization of working slope is established. The relationship between circular advance distance of working slope with working bench width and exposed coal mode of stope is discussed. Bench group cycle advance engineering quantity and production capacity of layered equipment, advance time of the working slope cycle and calculation method for reliability of side slope transportation system are given. With optimization goal of minimizing transport work of stripping material and time-space continuity of stripping engineering as constraint condition, mathematical model for shape optimization of working slope in seasonally stripped open-pit coal mine is established. Sequential quadratic programming algorithm (SQP) is introduced to solve nonlinear programming. A method to realize dynamic control of shape of working slope of seasonally stripped open-pit coal mine by determining combination mode of stripping benches and working bench width and a method to optimize limit advance speed of stripped working slope are proposed. Taking Shengli West No.2 Open-pit Coal Mine as an engineering background, above-mentioned optimization control method is applied for research and calculation and solution are carried out by establishing form optimization model of stripping working slope and substituting actual parameters of West No.2 Open-pit Mine. Results show that when the number of benches in bench group is 5 and working bench width is 89 m, advance of working slope meets the requirements of space-time continuity in stripping engineering and transport work of stripped objects is smallest. In this shape, limit advance speed of the working slope is 320 m/a, and change of limit advance speed of the working slope is analyzed and determined when combination of benches and cyclic advance distance is changed.
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图 2 季节性剥离露天煤矿工作帮推进工程模型
Figure 2. Engineering model for advancing the working slope of seasonally stripped open pit coal mines
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图 4 B=64 m时不同形态工作帮推进度变化
Figure 4. Variation diagram of advancing distance of different shapes of working slope when B=64 m
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图 5 n=5时循环推进距离与循环次数和工作帮年推进度关系
Figure 5. Relationship between cycle advance distance and number of cycles and annual advance distance of working slope when n=5
端帮运输平盘宽度D/m 40 端帮保安平盘宽度d/m 5 剥离工作帮非作业平盘宽度b/m 25 剥离台阶高度h/m 12 剥离台阶坡面角α/(°) 65 最小剥离作业区宽度c/m 250 煤层厚度ha/m 19.25 原煤视密度/(t·m−3) 1.23 煤层底板工作线长度La/m 1300 运岩卡车载重G/t 80 剥离物比重η/(t·m−3) 2.65 采掘设备向上走行移动坑线速度v0/(km·h−1) 2.4 采掘设备向下走行移动坑线速度v1/(km·h−1) 3.5 采掘设备平盘移动速度v2/(km·h−1) 3 年剥离作业时间Ta/d 240 年采煤作业时间Tc/d 330 剥离设备实际生产能力qb/(万m3·台−1·d−1) 2.2 采煤设备实际生产能力qm/(万m3·台−1·d−1) 0.76 采煤设备数量Nc/台 4 内排追踪距离lp/m 50 设备小修周期Tx/d 10 设备小修工期t3/h 1 设备月检周期Ty/d 20 设备月检工期t4/h 5 
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