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强突出煤层“内保护层”构建理论及工程实践

辛新平, 杨程涛, 魏建平, 刘勇, 王一彤, 徐向宇

辛新平,杨程涛,魏建平,等. 强突出煤层“内保护层”构建理论及工程实践[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2023,51(12):267−281. DOI: 10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2023-0386
引用本文: 辛新平,杨程涛,魏建平,等. 强突出煤层“内保护层”构建理论及工程实践[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2023,51(12):267−281. DOI: 10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2023-0386
XIN Xinping,YANG Chengtao,WEI Jianping,et al. Theory and engineering practice of constructing “inner protection layer” for strongly prominent coal seams[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2023,51(12):267−281. DOI: 10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2023-0386
Citation: XIN Xinping,YANG Chengtao,WEI Jianping,et al. Theory and engineering practice of constructing “inner protection layer” for strongly prominent coal seams[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2023,51(12):267−281. DOI: 10.13199/j.cnki.cst.2023-0386

强突出煤层“内保护层”构建理论及工程实践

详细信息
    作者简介:

    辛新平: (1966—),男,河南武陟人,教授级高级工程师,博士。E-mail:xxp353@163.com

    通讯作者:

    杨程涛: (1983—),男,河南获嘉人,高级工程师。E-mail:byctat@163.com

  • 中图分类号: TD712

Theory and engineering practice of constructing “inner protection layer” for strongly prominent coal seams

  • 摘要:

    保护层开采是煤矿瓦斯灾害防治最有效的技术手段,适用于有保护层可采的多煤层(群)等。对于无保护层可采的强突出单一煤层,随着采深加大、开采强度增加、构造更加复杂等多重因素叠加影响,应力与瓦斯耦合型灾害成为主导。为消除煤与瓦斯突出危险,目前采取的诸如机械扩孔、水力冲孔、水射流割缝和水力压裂等措施均能较好地提高抽采效果,但未能实现均匀卸压、均匀增透和消除应力异常,存在一定的消突局限性。如何实现瓦斯高效抽采和高效消突是长期遏制该类煤层安全高效开采的主要技术瓶颈。研究结合河南能源集团所属突出矿井“零距离保护层”分层开采、穿层钻孔卸压增透强化抽采消突的工程实践,通过优化穿层钻孔设计、合理选择卸压措施和精准计量掏出煤量,强化卸压消突效果考察,实现大区域连片均匀卸压,形成了在煤层内构建类似保护层的消突途径,提出了“构建内保护层技术”,实现了强力均匀卸压、高效抽采,实现煤层快速消突。总结以河南能源焦煤公司为代表的突出矿井瓦斯治理技术发展历史及经验,开展单一厚煤层“构建内保护层技术”研究,阐释了“构建内保护层”消突的科学内涵、消突机理构建方法,开发了内保护层消突效果评价技术,构建了强突出单一煤层内保护层消突技术体系并制定了相关企业标准。提出强突出单一煤层主动构建内保护层的消突理念,创新了保护层开采的内涵和外延,为强突出单一煤层高效消突提供了较完善的技术体系和较为坚实的理论基础及技术手段。

    Abstract:

    Protective layer mining is the most effective technical means to prevent and control coal mine gas disaster, which is applicable to multiple coal seams (groups) with protected seams available for mining. With the influence of multiple factors such as increasing mining depth, mining intensity and more complex tectonics, the stress and gas coupling type of disaster for a single strong protrusion coal seam without protective layer has become the dominant. In order to eliminate the risk of coal and gas protrusion, the current measures such as mechanical reaming, hydraulic punching, water jet cutting and hydraulic fracturing can better improve the extraction effect, but fail to achieve uniform pressure relief, uniform penetration and eliminate stress anomalies, there are certain limitations to the elimination of protrusion. How to achieve efficient gas extraction and high-efficiency outburst elimination is the main technical bottleneck that has long curbed the safe and efficient mining of this type of coal seam. The study combined the engineering practice of “zero-distance protective layer” stratified mining and unloading pressure and increasing penetration of penetrating boreholes to enhance the extraction and eliminate outburst in prominence mine belonging to Henan Energy Group. The effect of pressure-releasing enhancement and outburst elimination was investigated by optimizing the design of penetrating boreholes, reasonably selecting the pressure releasing measures and accurately metering the amount of coal hollowed out. The effect of pressure releasing to eliminate outburst was strengthened, the uniform pressure releasing in a large area was realized, and a way of eliminating outburst by constructing a similar protective layer in the coal seam was formed. The “construction of inner protective layer technology” was proposed to achieve strong and uniform pressure relief, efficient extraction and rapid outburst elimination in coal seam. Summarizing the development history and experience of gas management technology in protruding mines represented by Henan Energy Coking Coal Company, the research on the “construction of inner protective layer technology” for single thick coal seam was carried out, the scientific connotation of “constructing inner protective layer” to eliminate outburst was explained, the mechanism of eliminating outburst was revealed, and the constructing method was formed. The effect evaluation technology of inner protective layer to eliminate outburst was developed, a technology system for eliminating outburst in the inner protective layer of a single coal seam with strongly outburst was constructed, and the related enterprise standard was formulated. The proposed concept of actively constructing the inner protective layer to eliminate outburst in a single coal seam with strongly outburst has innovated the connotation and extension of protective layer mining, and provided a more complete technical system and a more solid theoretical basis and technical means for the efficient outburst elimination in a single coal seam with strongly outburst.

  • 图  1   软分层较厚时内保护层构建技术原理

    Figure  1.   Principle of construction technique for inner protective layer when encountering thicker soft delamination

    图  2   软分层较薄或硬煤层中构建内保护层技术示意

    Figure  2.   Technical for construction of an inner protective layer in soft stratification or hard coal seam

    图  3   煤与瓦斯突出三维结构模型和微元体模型

    Figure  3.   Three-dimensional structural model and micro-element model of coal and gas protrusion

    图  4   弹性潜能释放区积分变量取值范围示意

    Figure  4.   Schematic of value ranges for the integral variable within the elastic potential release region

    图  5   焦作矿区地应力与突出临界瓦斯压力的关系

    Figure  5.   Relationship between geostress and outburst critical gas pressure in Jiaozuo mining area

    图  6   工况1软、硬煤卸压因素影响程度

    Figure  6.   Working condition 1 the influence degree of unloading pressure factors for soft and hard coal

    图  7   工况2软、硬煤卸压因素影响程度

    Figure  7.   Working condition 2 the influence degree of unloading pressure factors for soft and hard coal

    图  8   工况3全软煤卸压因素影响程度

    Figure  8.   Working condition 3 the influence degree of unloading pressure factors for all-soft coal

    图  9   工况4全硬煤卸压因素影响程度

    Figure  9.   Working condition 4 the influence degree of unloading pressure factors for all-hard coal

    图  10   内保护层构建技术研究思路

    Figure  10.   Technical solution of inner protective layer construction

    图  11   九里山矿1613中间底巷单孔瓦斯抽采情况对比

    Figure  11.   Comparison of single-hole gas extraction in 1613 intermediate bottom roadway of Jiulishan Coal Mine

    图  12   九里山矿1613 中间底巷组孔瓦斯抽采情况对比

    Figure  12.   Comparison of group-holes gas extraction situation of 1613 intermediate bottom roadway in Jiulishan Coal Mine

    图  13   区段钻孔瓦斯抽采浓度对比

    Figure  13.   Comparison of gas extraction concentration in zone borehole

    图  14   区段钻孔瓦斯抽采百米纯量对比

    Figure  14.   Comparison of 100-meter pure volume for gas extraction in section borehole

    图  15   内保护层构建消突效果评价技术指标

    Figure  15.   Evaluation indexes of effect of eliminating outbursts for internal protective layer construction

    表  1   软、硬煤突出临界瓦斯压力计算参数值

    Table  1   Thecritical gas pressure values for outburst soft and hard coal

    类型弹性模量/MPa黏聚力
    /MPa
    泊松比内摩擦角
    /(°)
    孔隙率
    /%
    巷道半径
    /m
    掘进进尺
    /m
    η
    软煤8000.40.28306312
    硬煤120030.3354312
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2   软、硬煤不同应力条件下的突出临界瓦斯压力值

    Table  2   Outburst critical gas pressure values for soft and hard coals under different stress conditions MPa

    f σ0
    0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
    0.2 1.48 1.26 1.10 0.95 0.84 0.73 0.66 0.6 0.53 0.47 0.42 0.39
    0.5 2.81 2.25 1.87 1.59 1.40 1.25 1.13 1.03 0.94 0.87 0.81 0.77
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3   构建上部内保护层正交试验分析(工况1)

    Table  3   Orthogonal test scheme for construction of upper inner protective layer (working condition 1)

    编号 钻孔倾角/
    (°)
    出煤量/
    (t·m−1
    孔间距/
    m
    原始应力/
    MPa
    软煤厚度/
    m
    1 45 0.6 5 12 0.3
    2 45 1 6 10 0.9
    3 30 0.6 6 16 0.6
    4 60 0.8 6 14 0.3
    5 30 0.4 4 10 0.3
    6 30 1.0 5 14 1.2
    7 60 0.4 5 16 0.9
    8 30 0.8 7 12 0.9
    9 75 0.8 5 10 0.6
    10 45 0.8 4 16 1.2
    11 60 1.0 4 12 0.6
    12 45 0.4 7 14 0.6
    13 75 0.4 6 12 1.2
    14 60 0.6 7 10 1.2
    15 75 1.0 7 16 0.3
    16 75 0.6 4 14 0.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4   构建下部内保护层正交试验分析(工况2)

    Table  4   Orthogonal test scheme for construction of lower inner protective layer (working condition 2)

    编号 钻孔倾角/
    (°)
    出煤量/
    (t·m−1
    孔间距/
    m
    原始应力/
    MPa
    软煤厚度/
    m
    1 45 0.6 5 12 0.3
    2 45 1.0 6 10 0.9
    3 30 0.6 6 16 0.6
    4 60 0.8 6 14 0.3
    5 30 0.4 4 10 0.3
    6 30 1.0 5 14 1.2
    7 60 0.4 5 16 0.9
    8 30 0.8 7 12 0.9
    9 75 0.8 5 10 0.6
    10 45 0.8 4 16 1.2
    11 60 1.0 4 12 0.6
    12 45 0.4 7 14 0.6
    13 75 0.4 6 12 1.2
    14 60 0.6 7 10 1.2
    15 75 1.0 7 16 0.3
    16 75 0.6 4 14 0.9
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5   全软煤正交试验正交试验方案(工况3)

    Table  5   Orthogonal test scheme for all-soft coal (working condition 3)

    编号钻孔倾角
    /(°)
    出煤量
    /(t·m−1
    孔间距
    /m
    原始应力
    /MPa
    1600.6714
    2601.0510
    3750.6610
    4450.4514
    5300.6512
    6751.0414
    7301.0716
    8750.8616
    9300.8614
    10600.8412
    11450.8710
    12451.0612
    13600.4616
    14750.4712
    15300.4410
    16450.6416
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6   全硬煤正交试验分析(工况4)

    Table  6   Orthogonal test scheme for all-hard coal (working condition 4)

    编号钻孔倾角/(°)原始应力/MPa孔间距/m割缝长度/MPa割缝数量/个割缝高度/cm
    1453.5100.322
    2603.5120.942
    3302.5100.984
    4302.0160.922
    5302.5140.362
    6303.5140.628
    7602.5161.228
    8752.5100.642
    9453.0100.926
    10753.0101.222
    11752.0140.926
    12603.0140.326
    13452.5120.326
    14602.0100.666
    15303.5101.286
    16302.0100.322
    17602.0100.324
    18302.0121.262
    19303.0160.346
    20303.0120.624
    21302.0100.348
    22752.0120.388
    23452.0160.682
    24753.5160.364
    25452.0141.244
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7   1613中间底抽巷单孔瓦斯抽采对比钻孔参数

    Table  7   Comparison parameters of single-hole gas extraction drilling for 1613 intermediate bottom extraction roadway

    对比组 钻孔倾角 煤段长度/m 钻孔总长度/m
    I 41°20′ 13 35
    41°20′ 13 34
    II 80°20′ 7 18
    80° 7 16.5
    III 18 48
    18 49
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2023-03-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-11-30
  • 刊出日期:  2023-12-30

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