Difference and mechanism of dynamic behaviors between two walls of normal fault
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摘要:
随着大范围采矿活动的进行，正断层易滑动失稳产生震动波，并在断层两侧区域呈现出显著不对称动力响应特征。为解释山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司发生“2·22”冲击地压事故破坏区域主要集中在FD8断层上盘区域而下盘几乎没有出现动力破坏这一现象，从理论上分析了断层面（带）隔震的基本力学机理，基于波场及能量分解建立起了弹性波在断层面（带）界面波场分解能量系数模型，通过不同倾角断层面、不同破碎带厚度对震动波阻隔性数值模拟，并对正断层两盘活动性差异进行了分析。研究表明，对于一个相对孤立正断层（非断层组）而言随着断层倾角的增大，正断层上盘内的震动波沿着断层面“透射”将明显降低，呈现出显著的“隔震”特性，即当正断层上盘滑动诱发震动波难以穿过断层传播至下盘；地下正断层两盘活动差异性即断层上盘下降滑动、下盘不动2个方面揭示了正断层两盘动力灾害显现差异性动力学机制，为科学认知正断层活动诱灾机制提供了参考，并为在地下采矿中正断层诱灾防控策略提供了理论依据。
Abstract:With the development of large-scale mining activities, the normal fault is prone to slide and instability, resulting in vibration waves, which show significant asymmetric dynamic response characteristics in the areas on both sides of the fault. In order to solve the phenomenon that the “2·22” rock burst accident occurred in Shandong Xin Julong Energy Co., Ltd., the damage area is mainly concentrated in the FD8 fault hanging wall, but almost no dynamic damage in the footwall, it was theoretically analyzed the basic mechanical mechanism of fault plane (belt) isolation, by establishing an energy coefficient model of elastic wave field decomposition at along fault plane, based on the wave field and energy decomposition; numerically simulations for vibration wave barrier of fault plane with different dip angles and different fracture zone thickness were done; and it was also analyzed the activity difference between the two walls of normal fault. The investigations showed that for a relatively isolated normal fault (non fault group), with the increase of fault dip angle, the “transmission” of seismic waves in the hanging wall of the normal fault along the fault plane will be significantly reduced, showing a significant “isolation” characteristic. Also, the activity is different between two walls of normal fault, i.e. the hanging wall slides downward instead of the footwall slides upward. Thus, the dynamic mechanism of the difference between the two walls was revealed. It provides a reference for scientific cognition of the mechanism of normal fault induced disaster, and provides a strategy for the prevention and control of normal fault induced disaster in underground mining
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图 1 新巨龙公司“2020·2·22”冲击地压事故微地震事件分布
Figure 1. Distribution of micro earthquake events of “2020·2·22” rock burst accident of Shandong New Dragon Co., Ltd.
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图 2 弹性波透过两种不同力学介质界面波场分解
Figure 2. Separation of elastic wave through interface of two different mechanical media
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图 3 弹性波透过断层面（带）界面波场分解
Figure 3. Separation of elastic wave through interfaces of fault fracture zone
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图 4 弹性波透过断层面（带）的透射模型
Figure 4. Transmission model for elastic wave through interfaces of fault fracture zone
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图 5 波场能量系数与入射角度的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between wave field energy coefficient and incident angle
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图 6 透过破碎夹层的波场能量系数与入射角度的关系
Figure 6. Relationship between wave field energy coefficient through fracture fault and incident angle
表 1 材料参数
Table 1 Parameters of material
岩层 弹性模量
/ GPa泊松比 密度
/ (kg·m−3)厚度
/ m中砂岩 41.851 0.176 2500 50 粉砂岩 2.246 0.221 2700 20 细砂岩 5.014 0.199 2600 40 粉砂岩 2.246 0.221 2700 30 中砂岩 41.851 0.176 2500 40 
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