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远距煤柱下特厚煤层孤岛工作面强矿压机理与控制技术

Strong mining pressure mechanism and control technology for isolated working face of extra-thick coal seam under distant coal pillars

  • 摘要: 晋能控股同忻矿石炭系特厚煤层上方存在侏罗系采空区遗留煤柱,2个煤层间距约180 m。遗留煤柱集中应力沿坚硬顶板向下传递,诱发远距离下位石炭系孤岛工作面煤壁大面积片帮、支架过载、巷道大变形等强矿压显现。为解决同忻矿侏罗系遗留煤柱下强矿压显现问题,以该矿8102孤岛工作面为工程背景,采用理论分析、力学计算和FLAC3D数值模拟,揭示了侏罗系采空区顶板连拱结构与遗留煤柱耦合下的强矿压显现机理:石炭系特厚煤层大空间采空引发高位坚硬顶板垮落,联动中低位顶板协同失稳,煤柱集中应力经底板持续向下传递,是强矿压产生的主要原因。基于垮落带理论计算与现场实测确定压裂层位,构建了地面高位水力压裂+井下低位水力压裂的大层间距双系煤层远近场协同坚硬顶板控制技术,采用地面定向钻井+水力喷砂分段压裂技术对3层厚硬砂岩顶板进行弱化处理。通过微震监测与支架阻力实测开展效果检验,并与未采取治理措施的8101工作面对比。结果表明:治理后工作面有效微震事件释放能量由354×105 J降至692×103 J,降幅达2个数量级;工作面过侏罗系煤柱阶段动载系数增加0.07,支架高阻力区间占比增加7.3%,支架过载率由5.0%降至0,支护系统能力充足。研究成果可为双系煤层煤柱下孤岛工作面强矿压防治提供工程参考。

     

    Abstract: Residual coal pillars exist in the Jurassic goaf above the extra-thick Carboniferous coal seam of Tongxin Coal Mine, with a vertical interval of about 180 m between the two seam groups. The concentrated stress of the residual pillars transmits downward along the hard roof strata, inducing strong mining pressure manifestations, such as large-scale rib spalling of the coal wall, support overload and severe roadway deformation, in the distant lower Carboniferous isolated working face. To address the strong mining pressure problem beneath the Jurassic coal pillars, taking the 8102 isolated working face as the engineering background, theoretical analysis, mechanical calculation and FLAC3D numerical simulation were adopted to reveal the mechanism of strong mining pressure induced by the load transfer of the Jurassic coal pillars: the large mining-induced space of the extra-thick Carboniferous seam leads to the collapse of the high-level hard roof and the joint destabilization of the middle- and low-level roofs, and the concentrated stress of the coal pillars is then continuously transmitted downward through the floor, which is the main cause of the strong mining pressure. Based on theoretical calculation of the caving zone height and field measurement, the fracturing horizons were determined, and a far-near field collaborative hard roof control technology for the long-interval dual-system coal seams was established, combining surface high-level hydraulic fracturing with underground low-level hydraulic fracturing. Surface directional drilling with a three-stage casing structure and hydraulic sand blasting staged fracturing were applied to weaken three layers of thick hard sandstone, and the induced fractures basically covered the entire working face. The control effect was verified by microseismic monitoring and support resistance measurement and compared with the 8101 working face without treatment. The results show that the energy released by the effective microseismic events decreases from 3.54×107 J to 6.92×105 J, i.e., a reduction of 2 orders of magnitude; when the working face passes through the Jurassic coal pillar, the dynamic load coefficient increases by 0.07, the proportion of the high resistance interval of the supports increases by 7.3%, and the support overload rate decreases from 5.0% to 0, indicating a sufficient support capacity. The research results can provide engineering references for the prevention and control of strong mining pressure in isolated working faces beneath coal pillars of dual-system coal seams.

     

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