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煤矿矩形巷道点云多类型噪声分阶段去除方法

A multi-stage denoising method for rectangular coal-mine roadway point clouds with mixed noise

  • 摘要: 针对煤矿矩形巷道点云数据中多类型噪声并存,且传统半径滤波、统计滤波等方法在处理复杂内部附着噪声时易造成巷道表面空洞、边界缺失和结构断裂的问题,本文提出了矩形巷道点云多类型噪声分阶段去除方法。该方法充分利用矩形巷道顶板、底板及两帮所构成的多平面结构先验,按照噪声空间分布特征和去除难度构建递进式处理框架。首先,依据噪声的空间分布特征,采用半径、直通滤波快速剔除离散点与外部集群噪声;随后,针对与真实巷道表面交织分布、难以通过全局统计特征分离的内部集群噪声,提出一种基于平面划分的局部去噪策略:以巷道中轴线为基准进行等距切片,依据法向分量将各切片点云划分为顶板、底板与两帮区域,并在各子区域内结合密度统计与法向一致性实现噪声的差异化判别与剔除;最后,通过各切片结果融合与重叠区域连续性修复,获得结构完整的矩形巷道净化点云。在隧道模拟及巷道真实场景中进行了实验,并与半径滤波和统计滤波方法进行了对比,本文方法在噪声去除率、特征保持性及边界完整性方面表现优越,有效改善了传统滤波方法在内部集群噪声处理中的空洞与结构断裂问题。研究结果验证了该方法在矩形巷道点云去噪中的可靠性与工程适用性,可为煤矿巷道高保真三维重建和智能感知提供稳定的数据基础。

     

    Abstract: To address the coexistence of multiple types of noise in point cloud data of rectangular coal-mine roadways, as well as the problems of roadway surface voids, boundary loss, and structural fractures that may be caused by traditional radius filtering and statistical filtering methods when dealing with complex internally attached noise, this paper proposes a multi-stage denoising method for rectangular roadway point clouds with mixed noise. The proposed method fully exploits the multi-plane structural prior formed by the roof, floor, and two sidewalls of a rectangular roadway, and constructs a progressive processing framework according to the spatial distribution characteristics and removal difficulty of different noise types. First, based on the spatial distribution characteristics of noise, radius filtering and pass-through filtering are employed to rapidly remove discrete points and external cluster noise. Then, for internal cluster noise that is interwoven with the real roadway surface and difficult to separate using global statistical features, a local denoising strategy based on plane partitioning is proposed. Specifically, the point cloud is divided into equidistant slices using the roadway central axis as a reference. The points in each slice are further partitioned into roof, floor, and two-sidewall regions according to normal-vector components. Within each sub-region, density statistics and normal consistency are combined to achieve differential identification and removal of noise. Finally, a structurally complete denoised rectangular roadway point cloud is obtained through the fusion of slice-wise results and the continuity restoration of overlapping regions. Experiments were conducted in both simulated tunnel and real roadway scenarios, and comparisons were made with radius filtering and statistical filtering methods. The results show that the proposed method performs better in terms of noise removal rate, feature preservation, and boundary integrity. It effectively alleviates the voids and structural fractures caused by traditional filtering methods when removing internal cluster noise. The results verify the reliability and engineering applicability of the proposed method for rectangular roadway point cloud denoising, and indicate that it can provide a stable data basis for high-fidelity three-dimensional reconstruction and intelligent perception of coal-mine roadways.

     

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