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基于最优支护路径曲线的超前液压支架移架导航方法

Navigation method for advance hydraulic support movement based on optimal support path curves

  • 摘要: 超前液压支架在迈步移架过程中长久以来依赖人工操作,存在定位精度欠佳、效率低下及安全风险突出等问题,严重制约了智能化支护技术的发展。提出一种基于最优支护路径曲线的超前液压支架移架导航方法,旨在实现迈步式移架过程的精准感知、自主规划与协同控制。该导航方法借助激光雷达与惯性测量单元(IMU)的紧耦合构建巷道二维栅格地图,采用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法对巷道左右边界曲线进行鲁棒拟合,结合动态时间规整(DTW)算法构建边界点的空间对应关系,生成左右架的最优支护路径曲线,表征支架沿巷道走向的理想支护位置,为位姿优化提供几何基准。通过建立液压支架平面运动学模型,对其位姿进行实时解算。以液压支架投影与支护路径曲线间封闭区域面积最小化为目标,求解单侧液压支架移动的最优终点位姿,基于三阶贝塞尔曲线规划平滑移动路径,通过运动学反解和时间缩放策略完成液压缸行程规划,实现多液压缸的协同控制。仿真与试验结果表明:液压缸按规划位移执行后得到的支架实际路径与导航系统规划的理想路径具有较高的吻合度,液压支架在移动过程中路径跟踪稳定,位置最大误差平均值为22.91 mm,方向角误差小于0.14°,且液压支架与巷道侧帮保持安全距离,无干涉现象,实现了移架过程的高精度路径跟踪,位置和方向角控制精度满足井下支护作业的安全要求。

     

    Abstract: For a long time, the advance hydraulic support has relied on manual operation during the step-by-step movement process, resulting in problems such as poor positioning accuracy, low efficiency and prominent safety risks, which have seriously restricted the development of intelligent support technology. This study proposes a navigation method for advance hydraulic support movement based on the optimal support path curve, aiming to achieve accurate perception, autonomous planning and coordinated control during the step-by-step support movement process. The navigation method constructs a 2D grid map of the roadway by means of tight coupling between LiDAR and Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is adopted for robust fitting of the left and right boundary curves of the roadway. Combined with the Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm, the spatial correspondence of boundary points is established to generate the optimal support path curves for the left and right supports. These curves characterize the ideal support positions of the supports along the roadway direction, providing a geometric reference for pose optimization. The planar kinematics model of the hydraulic support is established to solve its pose in real time. Aiming at minimizing the area of the closed region between the hydraulic support projection and the support path curve, the optimal terminal pose of the single-side hydraulic support movement is solved. A smooth movement path is planned based on the third-order Bezier curve, and the hydraulic cylinder stroke planning is completed through kinematic inverse solution and time-scaling strategy, so as to realize the coordinated control of multiple hydraulic cylinders. Simulation and experimental results show that the actual support path obtained after the hydraulic cylinders execute the planned displacement is in high agreement with the ideal path planned by the navigation system. The hydraulic support exhibits stable path tracking during movement, with an average maximum position error of 22.91 mm and a direction angle error less than 0.14°. Meanwhile, the hydraulic support maintains a safe distance from the roadway ribs without interference. High-precision path tracking during the support shifting process is realized, and the control accuracy of position and direction angle meets the safety requirements of underground support operation.

     

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