Abstract: Fracturing technology is an effective method for weakening coal-rock properties and achieving pressure relief and permeability enhancement, holding significant importance for ensuring coal mine safety production. To understand the overall research progress of coal-rock mass fracturing technology in China, 3,388 relevant publications from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database (1990—2024) in this field were selected. Data on publications and journals were extracted to create statistical charts of publication trends. Subsequently, CiteSpace was used to generate collaboration network maps of authors and institutions, keyword co-occurrence and clustering maps, and to detect burst keywords. Meanwhile, VOSviewer was employed to produce density view, enabling a comprehensive visual analysis of the field. The research indicates that studies in this area in China have undergone three stages: slow development, rapid development, and stable development. Journals such as Coal Science and Technology, Safety in Coal Mines, and Journal of China Coal Society serve as the main platforms for academic exchange. Core authors include Lin Baiquan, Liu Zegong, and Ni Xiaoming, among others. Core institutions include China University of Mining and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), and China Coal Technology and Engineering Group (CCTEG) Xi’an Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., etc. Inter-institutional collaboration remains relatively weak. high-frequency keywords in this field include hydraulic fracturing, coalbed methane, gas drainage, rock burst, and numerical simulation. Keywords such as deep coalbed methane, pressure relief by roof cutting, gob-side entry retaining, thick hard roof, surrounding rock control, and coal measure gas have burst onto the scene and remain hot topics, with the potential to sustain this trend in the future. Among these, the extraction of deep coalbed methane and pressure relief by roof cutting represent the current research frontiers and are the primary application areas of fracturing technology. Traditional fracturing methods, led by hydraulic fracturing, have obvious limitations, while the application of new fracturing technologies remains immature. Numerical simulation serves as an important research method. As coal mining progresses to greater depths, challenges such as high in-situ stress in deep mining, difficulties in fracturing low-permeability coal seams, and high water consumption in hydraulic fracturing need further resolution. In the future, China’s coal-rock fracturing technology is expected to evolve from singular technological advancements toward composite fracturing methods, aiming to balance factors such as cost, effectiveness, and environmental sustainability.