Abstract: Roof disaster prevention and control is a core technical challenge that restricts safe and efficient mining of coal mines. In recent years, the frequency and degree of harm of roof accidents have shown a significant upward trend, highlighting that current prevention and control ideas are still insufficient when dealing with complex and changeable geological conditions. Most of the existing roof disaster prevention and control in mining faces are post-disaster emergency response. They lack systematic dynamic monitoring mechanisms and active control capabilities throughout the entire mining cycle. The formulation of prevention and control plans often relies on static mechanical models or relatively solid practical experience, which makes it difficult to effectively curb the risk of roof disasters caused by the superposition of complex geological conditions and mining disturbances. To this end, this paper proposes the core principle of “full life cycle prevention and control of roof disasters in working faces”, and systematically builds a three-stage comprehensive prevention and control system for pre-mining disaster prevention and control, monitoring, early warning and dynamic regulation during mining, and post-mining summary and application. In the pre-mining stage, by integrating multi-source geological information such as geological exploration data and borehole peeping with historical mine pressure analysis, potential disaster risk areas and types are predicted, and based on this, coal mining technique, mining scales, frame type selection and support strength design are optimized, and follow the principle of “one drilling site, one plan”, hydraulic fracturing and other technologies are used to actively weaken thick and hard roofs to achieve disaster source prevention and control. In the mid-mining stage, a near and far field monitoring system coordinated by multiple displacement-stress-energy fields will be built to sense roof conditions in real time and intelligently identify disaster precursors. Through multi-field data linkage analysis of disaster-causing mechanism, locking dominant horizon, supporting dynamic optimization of prevention and control strategy. In the post-mining stage, systematically summarize the full-cycle mine pressure laws, the effects of prevention and control measures and engineering experience in the mining working faces, and guide disaster prevention and control in adjacent or working faces with similar geological conditions. In particular, advance intervention is achieved in key links such as forced roof caving during the initial mining period, periodic pressure step prediction and strong mine pressure prevention and control during the normal mining period, roof maintenance and retracement channel stability control during the final mining period. The practice of the 10-meter ultra-high mining height fully mechanized working face in Caojiatan Coal Mine shows that the full life cycle active prevention and control system effectively guarantees the stability of the surrounding rock of the ultra-high mining height working face, and the maximum shrinkage of the support during the cyclic compaction period is 23.4% lower than that of the fully mechanized mining face of the same wing, the coal wall spallation is effectively controlled within a controllable range, significantly reducing the risk of roof disasters. The research results provide a systematic theoretical framework and technical path for active identification, accurate warning and efficient prevention and control of roof disasters in complex geological conditions and high-intensity mining in ultra-large and ultra-long working faces, and have important practical significance for promoting accurate prevention and control of coal mine roof disasters.