Abstract: The working conditions of the scraper conveyor are complex, and the excessive wear of the sprocket will lead to an increase in the failure rate of the scraper conveyor meshing transmission system, affecting the production efficiency and service life, and even threatening the life safety of the operator. Inspired by the control chain tension of the sprocket center distance adjusted by the tail of the telescopic machine, the mechanical drive structure of the double electric cylinder of the head and tail was designed, and the sprocket shaft adopted a segmented structure, and a test platform for simulated loading and vibration wear detection of the meshing transmission system was built. The chain tension model and the differential equation of vibration wear of the meshing transmission system are established, the influence of sprocket wear and chain tension on the vibration displacement of the transmission system is clarified, and the control method for controlling chain tension based on vibration displacement monitoring is designed. Based on the relationship between the center distance of the sprocket and the chain tension, a multi-working condition simulation method of scraper conveyor was designed, and the downhole load characteristics of the scraper conveyor were simulated, and the influence of sprocket wear on thevibration displacement of the meshing transmission system under half-load, full-load, half-load impact and full-load impact conditions was analyzed, and the vibration displacement test of sprockets with different wear amounts was carried out. The results show that the chain tension increases with the increase of sprocket center distance, and the vibration displacement of the meshing transmission system increases with the increase of chain tension and sprocket wear.