Abstract: In the eastern plains of China, high-groundwater-table mining areas are typical coal-grain overlapping areas, where underground coal resources and surface cultivated land resources overlap substantially. After coal mining subsidence, shallow groundwater is exposed to form large areas of accumulated water, irreversible damage to arable land resources, and the contradiction between regional ecological security and human land relations continues to intensify. Due to the combined constraints of high population density, a high proportion of cultivated land, and multiple governance objectives, it is difficult for these areas to directly adopt foreign treatment and restoration modes dominated by ecological restoration, and localized pathways that give equal emphasis to cultivated land protection and resource utilization are urgently needed. From a life-cycle perspective, research progress in disaster-causing mechanisms, monitoring and early warning, source-level subsidence reduction, and development and utilization of soil and water resources is systematically reviewed. Common indicators and quantitative methods for hazard and loss assessment are summarized, and the difficulties faced by the current treatment and restoration system are analyzed from technical, institutional, and economic dimensions. It is shown that the particularity of high-groundwater-table coal mining subsidence areas lies in the cross-media propagation and progressive amplification of damage along the “rock strata-surface-water body-soil-vegetation” chain, and subsidence treatment logic should be shifted from deformation control to interruption of damage propagation. At present, although the space-air-ground-water-well monitoring technology, source-level subsidence reduction, and diversified development and utilization models have covered all links of the disaster chain, monitoring, sediment reduction, restoration, and development are relatively independent and lack a coordinated decision-making with the goal of maximizing value. The evolution of subsidence areas from land to water is dynamically continuous, but the existing systems for land classification, damage assessment and property rights delineation are constructed on the basis of static parcel attributes. Practical problems such as inconsistency between maps and statistical data and compensation disputes are directly caused by the mismatch between dynamic evolution characteristics and static management systems. Incremental ecological assets such as water bodies and wetlands formed by treatment cannot readily be incorporated into market-based trading because of the lack of carbon sink accounting standards and ambiguous ownership and benefit distribution rules, and a sustainable economic loop has not yet been formed. Future development should be directed toward the proactive reconstruction of a composite “water-land-space-energy” system. Subsidence water areas should be incorporated into regional water resources allocation systems to perform water security functions such as water resources regulation and storage, emergency backup water supply and agricultural irrigation support. Water surface space and coal mine tunnels should be integrated into clean energy planning. An integrated mode of “power generation-energy storage-consumption” should be developed to facilitate source-grid-load-storage integration and efficient complementary utilization of multiple energy sources in mining areas. Multi-energy complementary pathways combining floating photovoltaic power generation with green hydrogen production and green ammonia synthesis should be actively explored. Incremental ecological assets such as wetlands and water bodies formed after treatment should be incorporated into market-based trading. Measurement and monitoring methods for carbon sinks in coal mining subsidence wetlands should be established expeditiously; ownership delineation and benefit distribution rules should be clarified; and the channel for realizing the value of ecological products should be opened up. Under the framework of the cultivated land requisition-compensation balance, spatial replacement and layout optimization of agricultural land such as cultivated land, garden land and forest land should be explored, so that overall improvement of cultivated land quality and ecological functions can be achieved at a broader scale.