Abstract: Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) play a crucial role in coal mine rock roadway excavation. However, the processes of equipment lowering, transportation, and underground assembly still face urgent technical challenges such as high difficulty in construction management, significant safety risks, and low operational efficiency. Considering the specific requirements of coal mine roadways for TBM cutterheads, a pure bolted design concept for cutterheads is proposed, and a combined method of theoretical analysis, ANSYS numerical simulation, and on-site testing is adopted for force analysis. Four load condition models, including maximum thrust, upper-soft and lower-hard strata, turning correction, and stuck-release mode, are established. Various finite element mesh sizes are selected for stress calculation respectively. Combined with specific working condition parameters and boundary conditions, force loading is applied to the cutterhead, clarifying the maximum stress, maximum displacement, and shear force borne at the segmented positions of the cutterhead under various working conditions. The maximum working load of a single bolt is calculated and its strength check is completed. Through mechanical calculation and bolt layout optimization analysis, the optimal segmentation form and bolt distribution are determined, and a pure bolted structure cutterhead suitable for coal mine roadways is developed. The results show that the pure bolted structure increases the underground assembly efficiency of the cutterhead by 30% and no bolt failure occurs during the excavation period; the pure bolted structure is reasonably designed, with good safety, reliability, and convenience in disassembly, assembly, and maintenance; the underground application has verified the effectiveness of the established load condition models, bolt calculation methods, and preload verification methods.