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淮南深部强突煤层群水平井区域瓦斯治理关键技术及应用

Key technology and application of gas regional governance by horizontal well for deep strong outburst coal seam group in Huainan

  • 摘要: 淮南矿区地质条件复杂,随着煤矿开采深度增加,瓦斯灾害的复杂性和危险性显著增加,亟需探索新的瓦斯防治技术。围绕淮南矿区深部强突煤层群开采条件,以区域治理、超前治理为目标,引入地面水平井瓦斯区域高效抽采技术,针对水平井高效精准钻进、压裂裂缝工作面全覆盖、持续稳产排采、防突效果评价等技术难题,通过理论研究、物理模拟、数值分析、技术攻关与现场试验,创新形成淮南深部强突煤层水平井区域瓦斯治理模式与技术体系:提出了深部煤层群开采条件下井上下立体区域瓦斯治理模式;研发了极复杂地层条件下“钻前地导建模−钻中动态定位−钻后综合判层”的地面顶(底)板水平井钻井轨迹控制技术,开发了地面水平井分段多簇、大液量大排量大砂量、动态混注高强度压裂技术,研发了以潜油隔膜泵、“零水位”为核心技术及装备的L型水平井排采工艺,提出了“残余瓦斯含量+残余瓦斯压力+排采影响范围+预抽率”防突效果评价指标体系、数值模拟和钻孔实测多方法融合的地面瓦斯抽采果评价方法;创立了“钻井+压裂+排采+产能预测+防突效果评价+井下区域验证”“六位一体”地面水平井区域瓦斯治理综合防突技术体系。应用效果表明,水平井水平段煤层顶底板2.5 m内钻遇率、钻井工程与套管下入成功率达到100%;水平井分段压裂实现工作面缝网全覆盖;排采系统检泵周期显著延长,“零水压”排采可充分释放水平井产气潜力;工程施工水平井取得了良好的产气效益和安全效益,单井日产气量突破11000 m3,累计产气量突破4000万 m3,大幅减少井下瓦斯治理工程量,保障了矿井安全高效生产。地面分段压裂水平井区域瓦斯治理技术的推广应用,推进瓦斯治理模式从井下向地面转移,实现了地面区域瓦斯治理规模化、标准化,为我国类似煤矿区地面区域瓦斯治理提供了技术支撑。

     

    Abstract: The geological conditions in the Huainan mining area are complex. With the increase of coal mining depth, the complexity and risk of gas disasters have significantly increased, making it urgent to explore new gas prevention and control technologies. Focusing on the mining conditions of deep and highly gassy outburst-prone coal seam groups in the Huainan mining area, Focusing on the mining conditions of deep and strong outburst coal seam group in Huainan mining area, aiming at regional and advance prevention, the high-efficiency gas extraction technology of surface horizontal wells is introduced. Aiming at the technical problems such as high-efficiency and accurate drilling of horizontal wells, full coverage of fracture for working faces, continuous and stable production and drainage, and evaluation of gas regional governance effect. To address technical challenges such as high-efficiency and accurate drilling of horizontal wells, full coverage of fracture for working faces, continuous and stable production and drainage, and evaluation of outburst prevention effects, through theoretical research, physical simulation, numerical analysis, technical breakthroughs, combined with field tests, the regional gas control mode and technical system of horizontal wells in deep strong outburst coal seams in Huainan are innovatively formed. A three-dimensional regional gas control mode of upper and lower three-dimensional under the mining conditions of deep coal seam group in Huainan mining area is proposed. The drilling trajectory control technology for surface roof (floor) horizontal wells under extremely complex formation conditions is developed, which is pre-drilling geological modeling-dynamic positioning during drilling- comprehensive layer identification post-drilling. A high-intensity fracturing technology with staged multi-cluster, large fluid volume, large displacement, large sand volume, and dynamic mixed injection for surface horizontal wells is created. An L-type horizontal well production technology with submersible diaphragm pumps and “zero water level” as the core technologies and equipment are developed. The evaluation index system for outburst prevention effects, including “residual gas content + residual gas pressure + drainage influence range + pre-extraction rate”, and a method for evaluating surface gas extraction effects integrating numerical simulation and borehole measurement has been put forward. A “six-in-one” comprehensive outburst prevention technical system for regional gas control using surface horizontal wells is established, encompassing “drilling + fracturing + drainage + productivity prediction + outburst prevention effect evaluation + underground regional verification”. Application results show that the drilling rate within 2.5 m of the roof and floor of the coal seam of the horizontal section of the horizontal well, the success rate of drilling engineering and casing running reach 100%; the staged fracturing of horizontal wells has achieved full coverage of the fracture network in the working face; the pump inspection cycle of the drainage system is significantly prolonged, and “zero water pressure” drainage can fully release the gas production potential of horizontal wells; The horizontal wells has achieved good gas production and safety benefits, with a single well’s daily gas production exceeding 11000 m3, and the cumulative gas production exceeding 40 million m3. This has greatly reduced the amount of underground gas control engineering, ensuring safe and efficient production of the mine. The popularization and application of the regional gas control technology for staged fracturing horizontal wells have promoted the transfer of gas control mode from underground to surface, ealized the scale and standardization of gas control in surface area, and provided technical support for surface regional gas control in similar coal mining areas in China.

     

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