Abstract: The accurate selection of overlying strata as the main control of disaster causing strata is the basis for the prevention and control of rock burst by fracturing artificial liberated layer in the roof horizontal well area. Based on the working face with severe rock burst in Mengcun coal mine, the comprehensive analysis method combining theoretical analysis and physical similarity simulation experiment was used to carry out the research on the mining response law of overburden structure and load under the conditions of different pre splitting horizons, and the main control and disaster causing strata of overburden were determined, which was verified by field engineering practice. The results show that: under the conditions of different pre splitting horizons, there are differences in the control effect on the overburden structure and load. The closer the pre splitting horizon is to the coal seam, the better the control effect on the static load relief of the coal body foundation is, but the control effect on the incremental static load is weak; The presplitting is located in the low key layer at the lower part of the caving zone, and the overlying key layer is still in a large area of overhanging state, with a long arm “F” shape structure, and the degree of pressure relief is limited; The pre crack is located in the middle key layer of the collapse zone and the middle of the fracture zone. The broken block is cut down along the pre crack crack and has a short arm “F” shape structure, which can greatly solve the problem of hanging the thick hard roof in the collapse zone; The pre splitting is located in the high key layer above the fracture zone, and the underlying middle and low key layers are still long arm “F” shaped suspended roof structure, with large static load of the working face; After pre fracturing the medium key layer through the surface area fracturing measures, the daily average energy and frequency of microseisms during the mining period of the working face were reduced by 39% and 15%, respectively, and the proportion of high-energy microseismic events was reduced by 33%. Based on the regulation effect of different pre splitting layers on overburden structure and load, the pre splitting middle key layer is more conducive to the prevention and control of dynamic and static load superimposed rock burst.