Synthesis and battery thermal management of coal gasification slag based Fe2O3 nanofluid: An experimental research
-
摘要:
随着煤化工行业的发展，以煤气化渣为代表的煤基固废产量逐年增长，其大规模的高值化利用问题亟待解决。当前，由煤基固废制备的功能材料主要有沸石、活性炭、碳硅复合材料等。这些材料在吸附剂、催化剂等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，相对粉煤灰、煤矸石等，煤气化渣的资源化利用率仍偏低。鉴于煤气化渣巨大的产量与当前相对有限的应用需求现状之间存在的显著矛盾，寻求更为广泛且高效的利用途径显得尤为重要。在此背景下，利用煤气化渣作为原材料，大规模制备具有卓越热物理性能的纳米流体，是煤气化渣的高值化利用的一条新的路径。其中，纳米流体在电池热管理领域的应用不仅实现了资源的高效转化与增值，还显著提升了电池热管理系统的换热性能，有助于推动纳米流体在新能源产业中的大规模应用。以煤气化渣为原料，通过元素活化分离，制备了具有良好稳定性的水基Fe2O3纳米流体。并且，对合成的纳米流体进行电池热管理试验研究，探究了浓度、流速、放电倍率变化对纳米流体传热性能影响规律。研究结果表明：纳米流体在压降略微增大的情况下显著降低了电池温升和温差，电池表面温升和表面温差分别降低了22%和34%。纳米颗粒对热导率的增强作用及其扰动效应是强化传热性能的关键因素。研究结果为煤基固废的大规模高值化利用开辟了新方向，同时为电池热管理提供了新的研究思路。
Abstract:With the development of the coal chemical industry, the production of coal-based solid waste including coal gasification slag is increasing annually, and it is increasingly urgent for its high-value resource utilization. Functional materials prepared from coal gasification slag include zeolite, activated carbon, carbon-silicon composite materials, etc. These materials are mainly applied in fields including adsorbents, construction materials and catalysts. However, the application of coal gasification slags was relatively limited compared to other coal based solid wastes. Therefore, it is necessary to expand new application. Coal gasification slag, which is rich in elements including iron, silicon, aluminum, and calcium, serves as an excellent raw material for sustainably and economically preparing nanofluids, which are promising in heat transfer enhancement applications. Nanofluids can obviously enhance both one-phase and two-phase heat transfer with negligible extra energy consumption, which enable nanofluids as promising materials for battery thermal management. Water-based Fe2O3 nanofluid was prepared from coal gasification coarse slag and experimental research on battery thermal management based on nanofluid was conducted. Nanofluid with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.3% and an average particle diameter of 85 nm was prepared through chemical activation, element separation, pH adjustment, calcination and supersonic dispersion. The effects of nanofluid mass fraction, flow rate, and discharge rate on heat transfer performance were investigated. The nanofluids can decrease the maximum temperature rise of the battery surface by 22% and the maximum temperature difference by 34% without obvious extra pressure drop. Besides, the overall performance evaluation criterion was enhanced significantly with the application of nanofluids. Enhanced thermal conductivity and the disturbance effect of nanoparticles are related to the heat transfer enhancement. This research provides a new method for high value utilization of coal gasification slag and battery thermal management.
-
-
[1] 石旭,初茉,董建飞,等. 气流床气化细渣中碳−灰的结合形态及其解离特性[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2023,52(3):576−584. SHI Xu,CHU Mo,DONG Jianfei,et al. Combined morphology and dissociation characteristics of carbon-ash in fine slag of entrained flow gasification[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2023,52(3):576−584.
[2] 丁子涵,马丽,吴俊杰,等. 煤气化渣制备功能微纳材料研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报,2024,46(9):1671−1684. DING Zihan,MA Li,WU Junjie,et al. Research progress on the preparation of functional micro/nano materials from coal gasification slag[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering,2024,46(9):1671−1684.
[3] XU Y,QIN H,LI H S. Preparation of Mg-Al layered double hydroxide with fly ash[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2017,46(3):634−639.
[4] 潘金禾,周长春,温智平,等. 四川某地粉煤灰中稀土元素的富集回收[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2022,51(5):998−1006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1964.2022.5.zgkydxxb202205016 PAN Jinhe,ZHOU Changchun,WEN Zhiping,et al. Recovery of rare earth elements in coal fly ash from Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2022,51(5):998−1006. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1964.2022.5.zgkydxxb202205016
[5] ZHANG W Q,CHAI J,FENG X J,et al. Preparation and microstructure of coal gangue-based -geopolymer[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2021,50(3):539−547
[6] ZHU Y K,WU J J,ZHANG Y X,et al. Preparation of hierarchically porous carbon ash composite material from fine slag of coal gasification and ash slag of biomass combustion for CO2 capture[J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2024,330:125452. doi: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.125452
[7] ZHANG Y F,QU J S,ZHANG J B,et al. Distribution,occurrence,and leachability of typical heavy metals in coal gasification slag[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2024,926:172011. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172011
[8] 吴锦文,邓小伟,焦飞硕,等. 煤基灰/渣的大宗固废资源化利用现状及发展趋势[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2024,52(6):238−252. doi: 10.12438/cst.2023-1102 WU Jinwen,DENG Xiaowei,JIAO Feishuo,et al. Resource utilization status and development trend of bulk solid waste of coal-based ash/slag[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2024,52(6):238−252. doi: 10.12438/cst.2023-1102
[9] 刘艳丽,李强,陈占飞,等. 煤气化渣特性分析及综合利用研究进展[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2022,50(11):251−257. LIU Yanli,LI Qiang,CHEN Zhanfei,et al. Research progress characteristics analysis and comprehensive utilization of coal gasification slag[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2022,50(11):251−257.
[10] REN L,DING L,GUO Q H,et al. Characterization,carbon-ash separation and resource utilization of coal gasification fine slag:A comprehensive review[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2023,398:136554. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136554
[11] 高海洋,梁龙,靳开宇,等. 煤气化渣资源化利用综述[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2024,52(8):192−208. doi: 10.12438/cst.2023-1147 GAO Haiyang,LIANG Long,JIN Kaiyu,et al. Review on resource utilization of coal gasification slag[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2024,52(8):192−208. doi: 10.12438/cst.2023-1147
[12] XU L Y,DONG K M,GUO F Q,et al. Synthesis of zeolite-based porous catalysts from coal gasification fine slag for steam reforming of toluene[J]. Energy,2023,274:127294. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127294
[13] YUAN N,TAN K Q,ZHANG X L,et al. Synthesis and adsorption performance of ultra-low silica-to-alumina ratio and hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolites prepared from coal gasification fine slag[J]. Chemosphere,2022,303:134839. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134839
[14] CHEN C W,HUANG H,YU Y K,et al. Template-free synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon with controlled morphology for CO2 efficient capture[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2018,353:584−594. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2018.07.161
[15] LIU S,CHEN X T,AI W D,et al. A new method to prepare mesoporous silica from coal gasification fine slag and its application in methylene blue adsorption[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,212:1062−1071. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.060
[16] LIU Y F,WANG Z Q,ZHAO W H,et al. Hierarchical porous nanosilica derived from coal gasification fly ash with excellent CO2 adsorption performance[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,455:140622. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.140622
[17] TIAN X D,CHEN Z C,HOU J,et al. Sustainable utilization method of using coal gasification fine ash to prepare activated carbon for supercapacitor[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2022,363:132524. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132524
[18] XU Y T,CHAI X L. Characterization of coal gasification slag-based activated carbon and its potential application in lead removal[J]. Environmental Technology,2018,39(3):382−391. doi: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1301569
[19] ZHU D D,ZUO J,JIANG Y S,et al. Carbon-silica mesoporous composite in situ prepared from coal gasification fine slag by acid leaching method and its application in nitrate removing[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,707:136102. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136102
[20] GU Y Y,QIAO X C. A carbon silica composite prepared from water slurry coal gasification slag[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials,2019,276:303−307. doi: 10.1016/j.micromeso.2018.06.025
[21] CHOI U S. Developments and applications of non-newtonian flows[J]. ASME,1995,66:474−480.
[22] LI S Y,JI W T,ZHAO C Y,et al. Effects of magnetic field on the pool boiling heat transfer of water-based α-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 nanofluids[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2019,128:762−772. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.09.022
[23] PENG Y P,GHAHNAVIYEH M B,AHMAD M N,et al. Analysis of the effect of roughness and concentration of Fe3O4/water nanofluid on the boiling heat transfer using the artificial neural network:An experimental and numerical study[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2021,163:106863. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.106863
[24] AHMED M A,ALI S M,EL-DEK S I,et al. Magnetite–hematite nanoparticles prepared by green methods for heavy metal ions removal from water[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:B,2013,178(10):744−751.
[25] 任根宽,罗欣,朱登磊,等. 固相还原法制备纳米氧化铁热力学分析及其实验研究[J]. 无机盐工业,2025,57(4):73−78. REN Genkuan,LUO Xin,ZHU Denglei,et al. Thermodynamic analysis and experiment research on preparation of α-Fe2O3nanoparticles by solid-phase reduction method[J]. Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2025,57(4):73−78.
[26] 杨柳,杜垲,李彦军,等. 氨水−Fe2O3纳米流体稳定性影响因素分析[J]. 工程热物理学报,2011,32(9):1457−1460. YANG Liu,DU Kai,LI Yanjun,et al. Dispersing of Fe2O3 nano-particles in ammonia-water suspension[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,2011,32(9):1457−1460.
[27] SADEGHI S S,HADI A,MOSAVI MASHHADI M. Viscosity of Fe2O3-water nanofluids by molecular dynamics simulations:Effects of nanoparticle content,temperature and size[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids,2023,382:121859. doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121859
[28] AFSHARI F,SÖZEN A,KHANLARI A,et al. Heat transfer enhancement of finned shell and tube heat exchanger using Fe2O3/water nanofluid[J]. Journal of Central South University,2021,28(11):3297−3309. doi: 10.1007/s11771-021-4856-x
[29] ALI ABDELKAREEM M,MAGHRABIE H M,ABO-KHALIL A G,et al. Battery thermal management systems based on nanofluids for electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Energy Storage,2022,50:104385. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104385
[30] THAKUR A K,PRABAKARAN R,ELKADEEM M R,et al. A state of art review and future viewpoint on advance cooling techniques for Lithium–ion battery system of electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Energy Storage,2020,32:101771. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101771
[31] SARCHAMI A,TOUSI M,KIANI M,et al. A novel nanofluid cooling system for modular lithium-ion battery thermal management based on wavy/stair channels[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2022,182:107823. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107823
[32] SRINIVAAS S,LI W,GARG A,et al. Battery thermal management system design:Role of influence of nanofluids,flow directions,and channels[J]. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage,2020,17(2):021110. doi: 10.1115/1.4045325
[33] SIRIKASEMSUK S,NAPHON N,EIAMSA-ARD S,et al. Analysis of nanofluid flow and heat transfer behavior of Li-ion battery modules[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2023,208:124058. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124058
[34] TOUSI M,SARCHAMI A,KIANI M,et al. Numerical study of novel liquid-cooled thermal management system for cylindrical Li-ion battery packs under high discharge rate based on AgO nanofluid and copper sheath[J]. Journal of Energy Storage,2021,41:102910. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2021.102910
[35] SMAISIM G F,AL-MADHHACHI H,ABED A M. Study the thermal management of Li-ion batteries using looped heat pipes with different nanofluids[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2022,37:102227. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102227
[36] ROSTAMI S,NADOOSHAN A A,RAISI A,et al. Effect of using a heatsink with nanofluid flow and phase change material on thermal management of plate lithium-ion battery[J]. Journal of Energy Storage,2022,52:104686. doi: 10.1016/j.est.2022.104686
[37] 吴俊杰,侯竣升,马丽,等. 纳米流体电池热管理研究进展[J]. 工程科学学报,2024,46(8):1498−1508. WU Junjie,HOU Junsheng,MA Li,et al. Research progress on nanofluids for battery thermal management[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering,2024,46(8):1498−1508.
[38] YETIK O,MORALI U,KARAKOC T H. A numerical study of thermal management of lithium-ion battery with nanofluid[J]. Energy,2023,284:129295. doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.129295
[39] KIANI M,OMIDDEZYANI S,NEJAD A M,et al. Novel hybrid thermal management for Li-ion batteries with nanofluid cooling in the presence of alternating magnetic field:An experimental study[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering,2021,28:101539. doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101539
[40] 张璐阳. 一种用于方型锂离子电池的相变材料与液冷耦合的动力电池热管理[D]. 西安:长安大学,2024. ZHANG Luyang. Thermal management of power battery coupled with phase change material and liquid cooling for square lithium ion battery[D]. Xi’an:Changan University,2024.
[41] 刘帅. 基于纳米流体的锂离子电池液冷散热性能试验研究[D]. 长春:吉林大学,2023. LIU Shuai. Experimental study on liquid cooling heat dissipation performance of lithium ion battery based on nanofluids[D]. Changchun:Jilin University,2023.
[42] FANG H,LIU C H,ZHANG X,et al. Numerical study of a novel battery thermal management system coupled with heat pipe and cold plate[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2024,256:124096. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124096
[43] CHEN H Q,ZHANG Y H,HUANG L,et al. Microfluidic production of silica nanofluids for highly efficient two-phase cooling with micro pin-fins structure[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2023,465:142799. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.142799
[44] FANG X D,WANG R,CHEN W W,et al. A review of flow boiling heat transfer of nanofluids[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,91:1003−1017. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.100
下载:
计量
- 文章访问数: 42
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 23
