Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of slag-steel slag cementitious system under the action of composite activator
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摘要:
普通硅酸盐水泥是尾砂胶结充填中使用最为广泛的胶凝材料，然而普通硅酸盐水泥生产会造成严重的环境污染。碱激发矿渣−钢渣胶凝体系具有良好的力学性能和工作性能，是普通硅酸盐水泥的潜在替代品之一。为明确矿渣−钢渣胶凝体系在复合激发剂作用下的宏微观特性，采用石灰−碳酸钠作为复合激发剂对矿渣−钢渣胶凝体系进行活化，制备低碳环保的矿渣−钢渣碱激发胶凝材料，讨论复合激发剂掺量、钢渣掺量对胶凝体系凝结时间和抗压强度的影响。并通过XRD、FTIR、SEM等检测手段表征石灰−碳酸钠复合激发剂作用下矿渣−钢渣胶凝体系的水化特征与微观结构。结果表明：石灰−碳酸钠复合激发矿渣−钢渣胶凝体系凝结时间在255 min以内，并未受到钢渣掺量的显著影响，胶凝体系3、28 d抗压强度分别达到23.0、30.4 MPa。钢渣掺量未影响胶凝体系水化产物种类，胶凝体系水化产物主要为C−(A)−S−H凝胶、水滑石和方解石。钢渣掺量增加会减缓胶凝体系的水化放热速率，降低胶凝体系的水化放热并促进胶凝体系的后期水化，提升基体中无害孔比例，掺量在20%时胶凝体系中C−(A)−S−H凝胶生成量最高。然而，钢渣掺量超过40%时，胶凝体系中C−(A)−S−H凝胶随钢渣掺量增加持续减少，胶凝体系基体出现微裂缝，抗压强度降低。研究可为新型低碳胶凝材料的制备以及钢渣的资源化利用提供参考。
Abstract:Ordinary Portland cement is the most widely used cementitious material in tailings cementitious backfill, but its production causes severe environmental pollution. The alkali-activated slag-steel slag cementitious system exhibits excellent mechanical properties and workability, making it a potential substitute for ordinary Portland cement. To clarify the macro- and micro-characteristics of the slag-steel slag cementitious system under the action of a composite activator, lime-sodium carbonate was used as a compound activator to activate the slag-steel slag cementitious system, producing a low-carbon and environmentally friendly alkali-activated slag-steel slag cementitious material. The effects of the composite activator dosage and steel slag content on the setting time and compressive strength of the cementitious system were investigated. The hydration characteristics and microstructure of the slag-steel slag cementitious system under the lime-sodium carbonate composite activator were characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM, and other testing methods.The results show that the setting time of the lime-sodium carbonate composite-activated slag-steel slag cementitious system was within 255 minutes and was not significantly affected by the steel slag content. The 3-day and 28-day compressive strengths of the cementitious system could reach 23.0 MPa and 30.4 MPa, respectively. The steel slag content did not alter the types of hydration products, which mainly consisted of C−(A)−S−H gel, hydrotalcite, and calcite. Increasing the steel slag content slowed down the hydration heat release rate, reduced the cumulative hydration heat, and promoted later-stage hydration, improving the proportion of harmless pores in the matrix. At a 20% steel slag content, the formation of C−(A)−S−H gel was the highest. However, when the steel slag content exceeded 40%, the amount of C−(A)−S−H gel continued to decrease with increasing steel slag content, microcracks appeared in the matrix, and the compressive strength declined. This study provides a reference for the preparation of novel low-carbon cementitious materials and the resource utilization of steel slag.
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图 5 不同钢渣掺量下胶凝体系等温量热曲线
Figure 5. Isothermal calorimetry curves of cementitious system under different steel slag contents
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图 6 胶凝体系XRD
1— 水滑石； 2— C−(A)−S−H； 3— 方解石； 4— C3S；5—RO相
Figure 6. XRD of cementitious system
表 1 原材料化学组成成分
Table 1 Chemical composition of raw materials
% 成分 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO CaO 钢渣 16.20 4.86 23.45 6.05 42.56 矿渣 34.50 17.70 3.03 7.01 34.00 
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表 2 试验配比
Table 2 Experimental proportions
序号 m（石灰）/g m（碳酸钠）/g m（钢渣）/g m（矿渣）/g m（水）/g 1 7.4 10.6 108 252 180 2 14.8 21.2 108 252 180 3 22.2 31.8 108 252 180 4 29.6 42.4 108 352 180 5 14.8 21.2 36 324 180 6 14.8 21.2 72 288 180 7 14.8 21.2 144 216 180 8 14.8 21.2 180 180 180
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