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徐 刚,康红普,张 震,等. 曹家滩煤矿10 m超大采高工作面采场围岩控制技术[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2024,52(9):1−14. DOI: 10.12438/cst.2024-0970
引用本文: 徐 刚,康红普,张 震,等. 曹家滩煤矿10 m超大采高工作面采场围岩控制技术[J]. 煤炭科学技术,2024,52(9):1−14. DOI: 10.12438/cst.2024-0970
XU Gang,KANG Hongpu,ZHANG Zhen,et al. Surrounding rock control technology of 10 m super large mining height working face in Caojiatan Coal Mine[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2024,52(9):1−14. DOI: 10.12438/cst.2024-0970
Citation: XU Gang,KANG Hongpu,ZHANG Zhen,et al. Surrounding rock control technology of 10 m super large mining height working face in Caojiatan Coal Mine[J]. Coal Science and Technology,2024,52(9):1−14. DOI: 10.12438/cst.2024-0970

曹家滩煤矿10 m超大采高工作面采场围岩控制技术

Surrounding rock control technology of 10 m super large mining height working face in Caojiatan Coal Mine

  • 摘要: 曹家滩煤矿10 m超大采高开采一次开采高度及开采强度为世界首创,采场围岩的有效控制为工作面能否安全高效开采的关键。基于煤层赋存条件及已采工作面矿压显现特征,明确了10 m超大采高开采围岩控制难点,提出了“主动支撑防护+区域卸压弱化+全方位监测预警”三位一体围岩控制策略,揭示了10 m超大采高工作面强矿压显现机理。研究表明:多层厚硬顶板的赋存特征致使工作面矿压显现异常强烈,初采期间大面积悬顶,正常开采期间工作面强动载来压明显,降低来压步距、弱化来压动载、防止煤壁片帮及防止工作面压架是10 m超大采高采场围岩控制的关键;液压支架“双层伸缩梁+三级护帮”结构实现了对架前空顶及超高煤壁防护的独立运行,解决了原有分体式护帮煤壁防护不全面的问题,高初撑力高工作阻力液压支架明显降低了工作面煤壁片帮冒顶几率,有效控制了来压期间顶板下沉量;井下深孔5.0 m3/min大流量定向压裂弱化技术实现了多层厚硬顶板弱化,有效降低了工作面来压强度,控制了来压期间煤壁片帮量及顶板大幅度下沉,防止工作面压架;全方位监测预警有效保障了工作面开采期间支架支撑效率,实现了顶板破断的实时跟踪及强矿压的实时分析;超大采高工作面初采期间大面积悬顶及小型飓风问题得以解决,初次来压步距49.35 m,来压持续距离5.75 m,支架立柱安全阀开启比例24.81%,周期来压期间矿压显现程度得到了明显缓解,液压支架立柱平均下缩量均值由0.48 m降至0.32 m,降幅33.3%,最大下缩量由1.88 m降至1.44 m,降幅23.4%,工作面周期来压平均动载系数大于1.5的占比由39.6%降至14%,工作面正常生产期间煤壁片帮处于可控范围内,煤壁片帮量集中于0.2~0.5 m;工作面压裂不充分区域顶板煤壁前方断裂或顶板长悬顶状态下弯曲下沉均会造成工作面强矿压显现。该研究成果对超大采高开采围岩控制具有重要的指导意义。

     

    Abstract: The 10 m ultra-large mining height of Caojiatan Coal Mine is a world's first in terms of single mining height and mining intensity, and the effective control of surrounding rock in the stope is crucial for safe and efficient mining at the working face. Based on the coal seam occurrence conditions and the mine pressure manifestation characteristics of the mined working face, the difficulties in controlling the surrounding rock during 10m ultra-large mining height mining are clarified, and a trinity surrounding rock control strategy of “active support and protection + regional pressure relief and weakening + comprehensive monitoring and early warning” is proposed, revealing the mechanism of strong mine pressure manifestation at the 10 m ultra-large mining height working face. The research shows that: the occurrence characteristics of multi-layer thick and hard roofs cause abnormally strong mine pressure manifestation at the working face, with large-area hanging roofs during initial mining and significant strong dynamic loading pressure at the working face during normal mining. The keys to controlling the surrounding rock in the 10m ultra-large mining height stope are reducing the pressure step distance, weakening the dynamic loading pressure, preventing rib spalling, and preventing the working face from being crushed by the pressure. The “double-layer telescopic beams + three-stage rib protection” structure of the hydraulic support achieves independent operation for the protection of the empty roof in front of the support and the ultra-high coal wall, solving the problem of incomplete rib protection by the original split-type rib protection. The high initial setting force and high working resistance of the hydraulic support significantly reduce the risk of rib spalling and roof caving at the working face and effectively control the roof subsidence during the pressure period. The underground deep-hole 5.0 m3/min high-flow directional fracturing weakening technology achieves weakening of the multi-layer thick and hard roofs, effectively reducing the intensity of mine pressure at the working face, controlling the amount of rib spalling and significant roof subsidence during the pressure period, and preventing the working face from being crushed by the pressure. Comprehensive monitoring and early warning effectively ensures the support efficiency of the support during mining, realizing real-time tracking of roof fracture and real-time analysis of strong mine pressure. The problems of large-area hanging roofs and small hurricanes during the initial mining of the ultra-large mining height working face have been resolved. The initial pressure step distance is 49.35 m, the pressure duration distance is 5.75 m, and the opening ratio of the safety valve of the support column is 24.81%. The manifestation of mine pressure during the periodic pressure period has been significantly alleviated. The average shrinkage of the hydraulic support column has decreased from 0.48 m to 0.32 m, a decrease of 33.3%, and the maximum shrinkage has decreased from 1.88 m to 1.44 m, a decrease of 23.4%. The proportion of the average dynamic load coefficient of the working face periodic pressure greater than 1.5 has decreased from 39.6% to 14%. During normal production at the working face, rib spalling is within a controllable range, with the amount of rib spalling concentrated at 0.2-0.5 m. The fracture or bending subsidence of the roof in front of the coal wall in areas where the working face is not sufficiently fractured, or under the condition of a long hanging roof, will cause strong mine pressure manifestation at the working face. The research results have important guiding significance for the control of surrounding rock in ultra-large mining height mining.

     

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