Fractal characteristics of spontaneous combustion of gas-bearing coal under different temperature and adsorption pressure conditions
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摘要:
采空区瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害日趋成为制约矿井安全生产的主要灾害模式，为研究瓦斯与煤自燃复合灾害致灾机理，通过低温液氮吸附、扫描电镜和TG-FTIR测试方法开展不同CH4吸附压力下煤低温氧化微观结构及热分析测试试验，并基于分形理论建立孔隙分形计算模型，探究吸附态CH4对煤孔隙结构和热稳定性的影响。结果表明：吸附态CH4抑制氧化对微孔的热损伤破坏，因此相较于以中、大孔为主的原煤，含瓦斯煤存在大量微孔，且孔隙形态发生变化；随着吸附压力的升高，失水脱附阶段煤样质量损失分别为4%、2.9%、3.2%和3.2%，CH4占据煤氧反应吸附位点导致参与氧化反应的化合物减少，氧化增重阶段参与氧化反应的活性物质减少，煤样氧化增重分别为0.67%、0.41%和0.31%，并且含瓦斯煤自燃各阶段的特征温度点随着吸附压力升高而滞后；构建了基于孔径分布及CH4吸附/解吸过程的分形模型，低CH4压力氧化前期煤表面形态不均一化增大，煤表面吸附气体能力升高，发生氧化反应的可能性增大，煤自燃风险增加，低瓦斯抑制煤自燃的能力较弱，且与原生孔隙的比表面积相关。研究成果探究了不同残余瓦斯含量对煤自燃特性的影响，进一步验证了不同吸附压力、温度下含瓦斯煤竞争吸附−解吸−氧化全过程连续物理模拟平台的准确性，为采空区复合灾害环境下瓦斯与火耦合灾害防治提供了基础支撑。
Abstract:The composite disaster of gas and coal spontaneous combustion in the goaf is increasingly becoming the main disaster pattern that restricts the safe production of mines. To study the disaster mechanism of the composite disaster of gas and coal spontaneous combustion, the experiments of low-temperature oxidation microstructure and thermal analysis of coal under different CH4 adsorption pressures were carried out in the paper by low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy and TG-FTIR testing methods, and a pore fractal calculation model was set up based on the fractal theory to investigate the influence of adsorbed CH4 on the pore structure and thermal stability of coal. The results showed that the adsorbed CH4 inhibited the thermal damage destruction of micropores by oxidation, thus a large number of micropores existed in gas-bearing coal and the pore morphology changed compared with the raw coal which was mainly medium- and large-porous; with the increase of adsorption pressure, the mass loss of coal samples in the stage of water loss and desorption was 4%, 2.9%, 3.2% and 3.2%, respectively, and CH4 occupied the adsorption sites of the coal oxygen reaction leading to the reduction of compounds involved in the oxidation reaction, and the active substances involved in the oxidation reaction decreased in the stage of oxidative weight gain, and the oxidative weight gain of the coal samples was 0.67%, 0.41% and 0.31%, respectively, and the spontaneous combustion of the gas-bearing coal in all stages of the characteristic temperature points lagged with the increase of adsorption pressure. A fractal model based on pore size distribution and CH4 adsorption/desorption process was established. The morphological inhomogeneity of the coal surface increased during the pre-oxidation period of low CH4 pressure, the gas adsorption capacity of the coal surface was elevated, the possibility of oxidation reaction increased, the risk of coal spontaneous combustion increased, and the ability of low gas to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal was weaker, and was correlated with the specific surface area of the primary pores. The research results investigated the influence of different residual gas contents on the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal, further verified the accuracy of the continuous physical simulation platform for the whole process of adsorption-desorption-oxidation of gas-bearing coal competition under different adsorption pressures and temperatures, and provided basic support for the prevention and control of gas-fire coupling disaster in the composite disaster environment of the goaf.
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Keywords:
- gas-bearing coal /
- low-temperature oxidation /
- microstructure /
- TG-FTIR /
- fractal features
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图 1 TZX-3000B型含瓦斯煤竞争吸附−解吸−氧化耦合模拟平台
Figure 1. TZX-3000B type coal with gas competitive adsorption-desorption-oxidation coupling simulation platform
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图 8 不同CH4吸附压力的N2吸脱附曲线
Figure 8. N2 adsorption and desorption curves of different CH4 adsorption pressures
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图 9 样品比表面积及孔体积分布
Figure 9. Specific surface area and pore volume distribution of different pore diameter
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图 10 不同氧化时期煤表面形态结构
Figure 10. Morphological structure of coal surface during different oxidation periods
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图 13 不同吸附压力含瓦斯煤热流曲线
Figure 13. DSC curves of gas-bearing coal with differentadsorption pressures
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图 15 H4吸附压力0 MPa时的分形维数拟合结果
Figure 15. Fractal dimension fitting results for CH4 adsorption pressure at 0 MPa
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图 16 CH4吸附压力1 MPa时的分形维数拟合结果
Figure 16. Fractal dimension fitting results for CH4 adsorption pressure at 1 MPa
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图 17 CH4吸附压力2 MPa时的分形维数拟合结果
Figure 17. Fractal dimension fitting results for CH4 adsorption pressure at 2 MPa
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图 18 CH4吸附压力3 MPa时的分形维数拟合结果
Figure 18. Fractal dimension fitting results for CH4 adsorption pressure at 3 MPa
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图 19 不同吸附压力含瓦斯煤分形维数D1及D2变化趋势
Figure 19. Trend of fractal dimension D1 and D2 of gas-bearing coal with different adsorption pressure
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图 20 不同吸附压力含瓦斯煤分形维数Dfb及Dt变化趋势
Figure 20. Trend of fractal dimension Dfb and Dt of gas-bearing coal with different adsorption pressure
表 1 煤样工业分析结果
Table 1 Results of proximate analyses of coal
样品 Mad/% Aad/% Vad/% FCad/% 锦界煤 8.97 2.89 34.61 53.53 
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表 2 试验煤样制备条件
Table 2 Preparation conditions of test samples
样品 吸附压力/MPa 温度/℃ 锦界煤 0、1、2、3 30、60、90、120
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表 3 不同CH4吸附压力和氧化温度的孔体积及比表面积分布
Table 3 Pore volume and specific surface area distribution for different CH4 adsorption pressures and oxidation temperatures
吸附压力/
MPa温度/℃ 孔体积百分比/% 比表面积百分比/% Vt/
（10−3cm3·g−1）SBET/
（m2·g−1）Avd/nm V1 V2 V3 S1 S2 S3 0 30 4.85 78.76 16.39 14.57 83.80 1.62 8.963 6.43 5.66 60 5.27 80.13 14.60 14.83 83.83 1.33 7.965 6.28 5.21 90 6.04 81.63 12.33 15.62 83.28 1.10 9.179 7.91 4.77 120 0.07 86.46 13.47 0.18 98.18 1.64 7.158 4.07 6.74 1 30 4.83 78.16 17.01 16.71 81.17 2.12 8.558 7.21 5.39 60 3.51 76.94 19.55 16.59 81.35 2.06 7.965 7.03 5.36 90 4.37 72.77 22.86 17.90 79.27 2.83 7.234 6.36 5.33 120 4.55 75.28 20.17 17.02 80.56 2.43 7.565 6.84 5.13 2 30 1.98 71.24 26.78 14.09 80.06 5.84 4.795 4.32 5.10 60 3.58 68.89 27.53 17.80 78.00 4.20 4.667 4.99 4.96 90 1.95 69.06 29.98 10.94 84.05 5.01 4.561 3.44 6.28 120 3.20 68.13 28.67 17.01 78.39 4.59 4.685 4.80 5.06 3 30 2.78 69.29 27.93 11.48 83.35 5.16 3.165 2.32 6.61 60 2.49 65.84 31.67 11.34 82.19 6.48 2.611 2.87 4.95 90 0.51 55.74 43.75 3.70 81.83 14.46 1.961 0.93 9.61 120 2.02 65.67 32.30 9.66 83.51 6.83 2.916 1.98 7.06 注：IUPAC孔隙分类：微孔<2 nm，中孔2～50 nm，大孔>50 nm； Vt为总孔容；SBET为比表面积；Avd为平均孔径；V1为微孔体积；V2为中孔体积；V3为大孔体积；S1为微孔比表面积；S2为中孔比表面积；S3为大孔比表面积。
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表 4 煤自燃特征温度
Table 4 Characteristic temperature of coal spontaneous combustion
吸附压力/MPa T1/℃ T2/℃ T3/℃ T4/℃ T5/℃ T6/℃ T7/℃ 0 40 92 209 257 281 501 606 1 36 88 189 272 302 509 619 2 35 89 194 266 298 507 617 3 34 93 197 260 294 508 624
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表 5 分形维数拟合结果
Table 5 Fractal dimension fitting results
吸附压力/MPa 温度/℃ D1 D1的R2 D2 D2的R2 0 30 2.53 0.991 4 2.85 0.877 8 60 2.53 0.987 9 2.86 0.870 7 90 2.57 0.985 7 2.78 0.904 6 120 2.51 0.997 4 2.83 0.892 8 1 30 2.53 0.990 7 2.81 0.918 9 60 2.55 0.853 1 2.83 0.911 4 90 2.74 0.952 0 2.81 0.946 5 120 2.72 0.967 3 2.82 0.941 5 2 30 2.88 0.722 2 2.78 0.967 6 60 2.83 0.864 3 2.82 0.967 3 90 2.79 0.885 7 2.77 0.953 8 120 2.82 0.837 4 2.82 0.967 6 3 30 2.29 0.911 8 2.77 0.937 2 60 2.80 0.953 9 2.80 0.909 6 90 2.63 0.969 2 2.37 0.887 1 120 2.73 0.956 7 2.36 0.886 6
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表 6 分形特征计算结果
Table 6 Results of fractal dimension calculation
压力
P/MPa温度/
℃a/
（m3·t−1）b/
MPa−1初始孔
隙率φ0/%Τ/% 最大
孔径/nm最小
孔径/nmDf 比表面积/
（m2·g−1）比表面
积比/%Dfb Dt 1 30 28.65 1.03 11.15 4.415 204.0 1.7 2.53 7.21 83.29 2.11 1.294 60 189.8 1.8 2.55 7.47 83.42 2.13 1.300 90 196.7 1.7 2.74 6.36 82.10 2.25 1.288 120 163.6 1.8 2.72 6.84 82.99 2.26 1.301 2 30 4.191 184.2 1.7 2.88 4.32 85.90 2.47 1.270 60 176.7 1.7 2.83 4.99 82.20 2.33 1.211 90 188.8 1.8 2.79 3.44 89.06 2.48 1.271 120 200.5 1.8 2.82 4.80 82.98 2.34 1.208 3 30 4.048 164.6 1.6 2.29 2.32 88.51 2.03 1.293 60 201.0 1.6 2.80 2.87 88.67 2.48 1.273 90 187.4 1.6 2.63 0.93 96.29 2.53 1.273 120 161.5 1.8 2.73 1.98 90.34 2.47 1.292
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