Strong mine pressure appearing mechanism and control at deep buried working face with large mining height
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摘要:
受上一深埋大采高工作面采动影响，相邻工作面开采过程中坚硬厚顶板引发的强矿压显现具有明显的分区性。相邻工作面作为矿井开采的主要类型，揭示其强矿压发生机理是实现矿井安全高效开采的基础。以黄陵二矿深埋大采高工作面为背景，采用地质条件调查、理论分析、数值计算等手段，分析强矿压显现特征、坚硬厚顶板破断特征、能量和应力的演化关系等，揭示坚硬厚顶板诱发深埋大采高相邻工作面强矿压的发生机理，从而形成强矿压防控的方向。研究结果表明：坚硬厚顶板产生的微震事件数及能量分别约占总事件数、总能量的52.12%、69.4%，沿工作面倾向形成临空侧能量释放量值大、实体侧顶板内部基本完整的分区显现特征。21422相邻工作面“两固支一简一自由”的坚硬厚顶板约束边界条件，在工作面倾向距临空区段煤柱约108 m处发生破断；同时21422工作面开采扰动下的坚硬厚顶能量与应力由临空侧至实体侧形成降低分布特征。根据集中差值系数得出了应力与能量分布分区性与顶板的非对称破断具有一致性，其中坚硬厚顶板在临空侧110 m范围的释放程度高、距实体侧边界煤柱约70 m范围处于蓄能状态。根据研究结果形成了“弱化临空侧顶板的应力集中，阻断实体侧应力的传递”的强矿压显现治理策略，为深埋大采高工作面强矿压的有效防控提供了参考依据。
Abstract:During the mining of the adjacent working face, the strong mine pressure caused by the hard thick roof has obvious zoning characteristics due to the mining of the previous deeply buried large mining height working face. The mechanism of the strong mine pressure at the adjacent working face is the basis for realizing safe and efficient mining. This paper takes the deeply buried large mining height working face at Huangling No.2 Mine as the background, and adopts the methods of geological investigation, theoretical analysis and numerical calculation to analyze the characteristics of the strong mine pressure, the breaking characteristics of the hard thick roof, and the evolution relationship between energy and stress, so as to reveal the occurrence mechanism of strong mine pressure at the adjacent working face of the deep-buried large mining height, and specifies the prevention and control direction of the strong mine pressure. The results show that the number and energy of microseismic events generated by the hard thick roof accounted for 52.12% and 69.4% of the total number of events and total energy, respectively. Zoning display feature was formed in which the value of the energy release on the proximal side was large, and the interior of the roof plate on the solid side was basically intact along the tendency of the working face. The hard thick roof plate constraint boundary conditions of “two solid support, one simple and one free” breaks at the working face tends to be about 108m from the coal pillar of the adjacent section of the breakage. The energy and stress of the hard thick roof under the mining disturbance of 21422 working face form a reduced distribution characteristics from the airside to the solid side. The zonality of the stress and energy distribution is consistently related to the asymmetric breaking of the roof, as derived from the concentration difference coefficient. The hard thick roof has a high degree of release in the 110m range on the air side, and is in a energy storage stage in the range of about 70m from the coal pillar on the boundary of the solid side. According to the results, the strategy of weakening the stress concentration of the roof plate on the airside and blocking the transmission of stress on the solid side has been formed, which provides a reference basis for the effective prevention and control of the strong mine pressure in the deeply buried large mining height working face.
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图 3 21422工作面微震分布特征
Figure 3. Microseismic distribution characteristics of21422 working face
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图 4 四处覆岩微震事件分布特征
Figure 4. Microseismic events distribution characteristics at four overlying strata
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图 5 21422工作面强矿压显现特征
Figure 5. Strong ground pressure visualize feature at the 21422 working face
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图 6 顶板结构塑性铰线及破断结构
注：α、β为破断线与边界夹角；1、2、3、4为顶板破断线；b1、b2、b3为破断块体
Figure 6. Plastic hinge line and fracture structure of top plate
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图 9 21422工作面采动下能量密度分布特征
Figure 9. Energy distribution characteristics at 21422 working face
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图 11 21422工作面围岩垂直应力演化特征
Figure 11. Vertical stress evolution characteristic of surrounding rock at 21422 working face
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图 12 21422工作面采动下覆岩垂直应力演化特征
Figure 12. Vertical stress evolution characteristics of overburden under mining
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图 14 工作面开采过程中支承压力演化特征
Figure 14. Evolution characteristics of abutment pressure during mining
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图 15 21422工作面顶板垂直应力分布特征
Figure 15. Vertical stress distribution characteristics of top plate
表 1 21422工作面生产参数
Table 1 Manufacturing parameters of
24122 working face埋深/m 煤层倾角/(°) 走向长度/m 倾向长度/m 来压最大强度/MPa 煤层厚度/m 采高/m 煤层节理 初次来压步距/m 580～636 0～5 2626 300 48.8 5.2～6.8 6 发育 35～40 
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表 2 煤层围岩力学参数
Table 2 Mechanical parameters of surrounding rock
岩性 弹性模量/GPa 孔隙率/% 含水率/% 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 内摩擦角/（°） 凝聚力/MPa 泊松比 密度/(g·cm−3) 泥岩 2.64 8.69 1.25 24.94 1.13 35.15 2.93 0.24 2.33 2号煤 2.21 6.82 3.55 25.4 0.81 36.22 4.38 0.19 1.305 细砂岩 10.66 8.72 0.95 53.52 2.45 38.17 2.28 0.19 2.58 粉砂岩 11.33 7.55 0.96 62.15 4.02 40.92 7.68 0.13 2.57
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表 3 各层位微震事件分布指标特征
Table 3 Distribution index characteristics of microseismic events in each layer
工作面覆岩层位 最大能量值/J 总能量/J 能量占比/% 事件数/个 事件数占比/% 坚硬厚顶板 71724.16 1.18×106 69.4 695 52.15 21～50 m岩层 27391.73 9.75×104 5.73 175 13.11 50～100 m岩层 11039.71 4.49×104 2.64 46 3.45 100～170 m岩层 1281.61 3.03×103 0.18 9 0.67
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表 4 相邻工作面顶板极限承载条件
Table 4 Limit bearing conditions of top plate at the adjacent working face
约束边界条件 内力功 外力功 极限承载条件 两边固支一边
简支一边自由$ {W_{{\mathrm{i}}1}} = {M_{\mathrm{p}}}\dfrac{\delta }{b}a = {M_{\mathrm{p}}}\dfrac{{\delta a}}{b} $
$ {W_{{\mathrm{i}}2}} = {M_{\mathrm{p}}}\dfrac{{b\delta }}{{{x_2}}} $
$ {W_{{\mathrm{i}}3}} = {M_{\mathrm{p}}}\delta \left(\dfrac{b}{{{x_2}}} + \dfrac{{{x_2}}}{b}\right) $
$ {W_{{\mathrm{i}}4}} = {M_{\mathrm{p}}}\delta \left(\dfrac{b}{{{x_1}}} + \dfrac{{{x_1}}}{b}\right) $$ {W_{{\mathrm{e}}{{\mathrm{b}}_1}}} = \displaystyle\int_0^{{x_1}} {q\dfrac{{zb}}{{{x_1}}}} {\mathrm{d}}z\dfrac{{{x_1} - z}}{{{x_1}}}\delta $
$ {W_{{\mathrm{e}}{{\mathrm{b}}_2}}} = \displaystyle\int_0^{{x_1}} {q\left[ {\dfrac{{j{x_1}}}{b} + \dfrac{j}{b}{x_2}} \right]{\mathrm{d}}j\dfrac{{b - j}}{b}} \delta $
$ {W_{{\mathrm{e}}{{\mathrm{b}}_3}}} = \displaystyle\int_0^{{x_2}} q \dfrac{{mb}}{{{x_2}}}{\mathrm{d}}m\dfrac{{{x_2} - m}}{{{x_2}}}\delta $$ \displaystyle\sum {{W_i}} = \displaystyle\sum {{W_{{\text{eb}}}}} $
$ \dfrac{{{M_{\mathrm{p}}}\left( {2{a^2}{x_1} + a{b^2} - 2a{x_1}^2 + {b^2}{x_1}} \right)}}{{b{x_1}{x_2}}} - \dfrac{1}{3}qab = 0 $
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表 5 21422工作面顶板破断特征计算结果
Table 5 Calculation results of top plate breakingcharacteristics
工作面 块体走向长度
bmin/m临空侧块体宽度
x1/m21422 18.39 108.41
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