Abstract: To address the issue of low efficiency in extracting gas from fractured and low-permeability coal seams in the Huainan mining area, a coal seam roof horizontal well segmented and clustered hydraulic fracturing gas control mode was proposed. The expansion process of hydraulic fracturing cracks in the coal seam roof horizontal well was studied using numerical simulation and physical similarity simulation methods. The gas production effects of segmented and clustered fracturing were investigated using productivity simulation, and the residual gas content was compared between clustered and unclustered fracturing. The numerical simulation results showed that the cracks in the horizontal well could expand to the coal seam, opening up the coal seam completely. Due to the coal seam's cohesiveness being greater than that of the sandstone shale of the roof, wider fracturing cracks were formed in the coal seam than in the roof shale. The physical similarity simulation results showed that, considering the development of the shale pseudo-roof, when the horizontal drilling was placed in the sandstone shale of the fractured coal seam roof, and under reasonable vertical distance and high-displacement fracturing fluid construction, if the coal seam had a relatively thin shale pseudo-roof, the cracks could pass through the direct roof-pseudo roof interface (sandstone-shale interface) and the pseudo-roof-coal seam interface (shale-coal seam interface) and extend into the underlying coal seam. The cracks would then form a curved irregular step-like pattern, achieving the goal of fracturing the fractured coal seam. However, when the coal seam had a thick shale pseudo-roof, the shale would act as a barrier to hydraulic fracturing, making it difficult for the cracks to open the underlying coal seam. The productivity simulation results showed that, under the same geological environment and construction conditions, after 3 years of extraction, unclustered fracturing could produce a larger gas extraction impact range but could not uniformly reduce the gas content in the excavation roadway. There would be gas extraction blank bands between the fractured sections. On the other hand, clustered fracturing could produce a smaller gas extraction impact range but could more evenly reduce the gas content in the excavation roadway. After engineering verification at the Panxie coal mine in Huainan, with a construction discharge of 10 m³/min, the crack length could reach up to 193.8 m, the crack height could reach up to 27.0 m, and the daily gas production per single well could reach 1 490 m³/d. The gas extraction volume in two years was 31×10⁴ m³, indicating that the coal seam roof horizontal well segmented and clustered hydraulic fracturing technology was an effective mode for efficient gas extraction in fractured and low-permeability coal seams in the Huainan mining area.