Key technology research and engineering practice of speedy drivage with driving and bolting integration in soft surrounding rock
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摘要:
软弱围岩掘锚一体化快速掘进关键技术与装备是煤矿安全高效开采以及智能化建设的迫切需求。以具备膨胀性、节理化等软岩特征的煤矿回采巷道工程为背景，梳理了国内外掘锚一体机快速掘进技术发展现状，剖析了软弱围岩条件下掘锚一体机快速掘进面临3个方面的难题，包括全宽截割对围岩的扰动控制，软弱围岩及时高效永久支护，软弱围岩快速掘进煤帮临时支护。提出了软弱围岩掘锚一体化快速掘进的5项关键技术，包括：①低扰动截割技术。主要包括椭型全宽截割滚筒、截齿排布优化、截割动力学优化等。②减小空顶空帮距的及时支护技术。该技术是在掘锚一体化技术基础上，研制了集双圆柱导向、多连杆升降、支护油缸撑顶撑底、随动挡矸帘防护于一体的多钻机整体滑移平台，将掘锚一体机作业空顶距由2.5 m降至1 m，作业空帮距由3.5 m降至1 m。③软弱围岩多维度协同支护技术。综合考虑锚杆锚索支护参数间的时空协同效应和支护体与围岩的协同效应，掘进工作面采用低密度强力锚杆支护控制顶板，后部同步实施增强永久支护。④钻锚一体化技术。主要包括锚杆结构和力学特性、锚固剂材料及泵注技术等。⑤煤帮喷涂临时支护技术。主要包括快反应高延伸率喷涂材料、高比例精度喷涂泵送、不规则煤壁表面自适应轨迹控制、矿用防爆高精度机械臂、喷涂材料配套补给等。基于以上内容，研制了可控作业空顶距掘锚一体机，并进行了井下试验。试验表明，该装备有效缩短了作业空顶距和空帮距，实现了作业空顶距“可控”，适应于软弱围岩巷道快速掘进，掘进效率提高了1倍。
Abstract:The technology and equipment of speedy drivage with driving and bolting integration of soft surrounding rock is an urgent need for safe and efficient mining and intelligent construction of coal mines. Based on the background of mining roadway engineering with such a swelling soft rock and jointed soft rock , the development status of speedy drivage technology of bolter miner at home and abroad is sorted out, and three problems faced by speedy drivage of bolter miner under soft surrounding rock conditions are analyzed, including: disturbance control of surrounding rock by full width cutting, timely and efficient permanent support of soft surrounding rock, temporary support of lateral wall in speedy drivage of soft surrounding rock. Five key technologies for speedy drivage of soft surrounding rock are proposed, including: ① Low disturbance cutting technology. It mainly includes elliptical full-width cutting drum, pick arrangement optimization, cutting dynamics optimization, etc. ② Timely support technology to reduce the distance between coal face and permanent support for roof or lateral wall. This technology is based on the integrated technology of excavation and anchoring. Through the research of the multi-driller integral sliding platform integrating double cylindrical guidance, multi-link lifting, supporting oil cylinder top and bottom support, and follow-up gangue curtain protection, the distance between coal face and permanent roof support of the bolter miner is reduced from 2.5 m to 1 m, and the empty side distance is reduced from 3.5 m to 1 m. ③ Multi-dimensional collaborative support technology of soft surrounding rock. Considering the space-time synergistic effect between the bolt and anchor cable support parameters and the synergistic effect between the support body and the surrounding rock, the low-density strong bolt support is used to control the roof at the head, and the enhanced permanent support is implemented simultaneously at the rear. ④ Drilling anchor integration technology. It mainly includes bolt structure and mechanical properties, anchoring agent materials and pumping. ⑤ Coal side spraying temporary support technology. It mainly includes fast reaction high elongation spraying material, high proportion precision spraying pumping, irregular coal wall surface adaptive trajectory control, mine explosion-proof high-precision mechanical arm, spraying material matching supply, etc. Based on the above content, a controllable operation empty top distance bolter miner was developed and underground tests were carried out.The test shows that the equipment effectively shortens the empty roof distance and empty side distance, realizes the ' controllable ' empty roof distance, adapts to the speedy drivage of soft surrounding rock roadway, and doubles the excavation efficiency.
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图 1 EJM2×170/4-2掘锚一体机作业空顶距
Figure 1. Operation empty top distance of EJM2×170/4-2 bolter miner
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图 4 软弱围岩掘进多维度协同支护示例
Figure 4. Example of multi-dimensional collaborative support of soft surrounding drivage
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图 9 可控作业空顶距掘锚一体机
Figure 9. Bolter miner with controllable operation empty roof distance
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