Research on technology of key steps of intelligent ventilation in mines
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摘要:
为使智能通风系统建设更加有序、可控，提出了矿井智能通风流程环节，将矿井智能通风流程按照生产环节划分为6个板块，即感知监测、分析诊断、智能决策、方案审批、远程集控联控、执行反馈，共包含24个具体环节，建立了各个环节输入输出要素和环节之间的功能逻辑关系。按照“矿井通风系统整体规划+采掘用风区域重点细化”思路，提出了矿井全系统智能通风应用场景实现方案和采煤工作面与掘进工作面2个细化的智能通风应用场景实现方案，将矿井智能通风各个具体环节融入具体的应用场景中。为实现智能通风应用场景，基于逻辑分层思想优化了矿井智能通风系统整体架构，规划了由硬件驱动层、功能模块层、计算处理层、数据存储层、数据采集层构成的矿井智能通风管控平台。针对通风感知监测、分析诊断、智能决策、远程集控联控4个矿井智能通风关键板块中涉及的风量风速监测感知、通风阻力在线监测、全风网风量风压解算、灾源判识和灾变定位、矿井动态需风量计算、通风系统故障诊断、风量按需调控方案决策、应急控风方案决策、无人化远程控风、无人化应急控风10个关键环节，总结分析了目前各个关键环节关键技术现状，提出了各个关键环节关键技术实现路径，通过关键技术迭代升级，最终实现矿井通风系统全生命周期内时刻处于稳定可靠、安全可控、高效节能、应急降灾的运行状态。
Abstract:The process steps of intelligent ventilation in mines were proposed, which could make the ventilation system more orderly and controllable. The process of intelligent ventilation in mines was divided into six process sections according to the production process, namely perception monitoring, analysis and diagnosis, intelligent decision-making, scheme approval, remote centralized control and joint control, and execution feedback, which included a total of 24 specific process steps. The input and output elements of each process step and the functional logical relationship between the process steps were clarified. According to the concept of “overall plan of the mine ventilation system+key refinement of the mining air area”, the scheme for implementing the intelligent ventilation process of the entire mine system and two refined intelligent ventilation process application scenarios for the coal mining and excavation working faces were proposed. The intelligent ventilation process steps of the mine were integrated into specific application scenarios. In order to achieve intelligent ventilation application scenarios, the overall architecture of the mine intelligent ventilation system was optimized based on the logical layering concept. The mine intelligent ventilation control platform consisting of hardware driver layer, functional module layer, computing processing layer, data storage layer, and data acquisition layer was planned and designed. The four key process sections of intelligent ventilation involved ten key process sections,which were ventilation perception monitoring, analysis and diagnosis, intelligent decision-making, remote centralized control and joint control. The ten key process steps included monitoring and perception of air volume and wind speed, online monitoring of ventilation resistance, analysis of air volume and pressure in the entire air network, identification and identification of disaster sources, calculation of dynamic air demand in mines, diagnosis of ventilation system faults, decision-making of on-demand air volume control plans, decision-making of emergency air control plans, unmanned remote air control, and unmanned emergency air control. The current technological status of the ten key process steps were summarized and analyzed, and the technical implementation paths for the ten key process steps were proposed. Through iterative upgrades of various intelligent ventilation key technologies, the mine ventilation system was ultimately achieved to be in the stable, reliable, safe, controllable, efficient, energy-saving, and emergency disaster reduction operation state throughout its entire lifecycle.
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图 1 矿井智能通风系统流程环节逻辑关系
Figure 1. Logical relationship between process links of mine intelligent ventilation system
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图 6 通风智能决策分析平台架构
Figure 6. Architecture of ventilation intelligent decision analysis platform
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图 10 矿井通风阻力在线监测原理示意
Figure 10. Schematic of principle of online monitoring of mine ventilation resistance
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图 11 火灾风流模拟多物理场耦合模型
Figure 11. Multiphysics coupling model for fire wind flow simulation
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图 12 通风网络火灾风流模拟解算流程
Figure 12. Simulation process of fire air flow in ventilation network
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图 13 矿井分区域控风方案自主决策流程
Figure 13. Independent decision-making process of mine sub-regional wind control scheme
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图 16 智能局部通风控制系统功能设计
Figure 16. Functional design of intelligent local ventilation control system
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图 17 采煤工作面一键反风降灾减灾应急系统
Figure 17. Local anti-wind system of coal mining face with disaster mitigation and mitigation effect
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图 18 回风立井抗冲击自动复位式风井防爆门
Figure 18. Impact-resistant self-resetting blowshaft explosion-proof door for return air shaft
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图 19 自动复位式抗冲击远程快速密闭
Figure 19. Fast sealing with auto-reset and impact-resistant remote functions
表 1 矿井智能通风系统流程环节信息汇总
Table 1 Summary of process information of mine intelligent ventilation system
板块 环节 各环节主要执行内容 环节输入 环节输出 感知
监测通风设备状态全面监测 ①智能通风设备运行状态数据采集，实现通风设备原始状态数据的全方位采集；②智能通风设备运行状态数据清洗，实现通风设备关键状态信息提取与滤波降噪 — ①设备网络通信状态；②设备通风工况状态参数；③设备机电工况状态参数 瓦斯无人
巡检①瓦斯体积分数监测数据采集；②瓦斯体积分数监测数据清洗 — 巷道瓦斯体积分数准确监测值 矿井风量风速监测 ①风速风量监测数据采集；②风速风量监测数据清洗 — 巷道实时风速、风量 矿井通风阻力监测 ①矿井通风阻力基础数据监测采集；②矿井通风阻力基础数据清洗 — 矿井通风阻力基础参数值 灾变信息
感知①风流温度、风流方向、风流组分监测数据采集；②风流温度、风流组分监测数据清洗 — 巷道风流温度、风流组分、风流是否逆转 解算分析诊断 通风系统故障诊断 ①设备故障超前预警或及时报警，自动给出故障解决建议；②通风网络阻变型故障快速诊断与定位 ①设备网络通信状态；②设备通风工况状态参数；③设备机电工况状态参数；④通风网络风量风压数据 ①设备运行状态是否正常，如有故障，明确设备故障类型与故障原因；②通风网络是否存在阻变型故障，明确故障位置与故障
原因矿井风量风速预警分析 按照《煤矿安全规程》中巷道风速、粉尘质量浓度、瓦斯体积分数、二氧化碳浓度等通风相关要求，验证风量风速安全性 ①矿井所有巷道动态需风量区间范围值；②矿井所有巷道实时风量、风速数据 明确给出待调节风量巷道，及风量调节目标值 矿井动态需风量计算 参照AQ1056—2008《煤矿通风能力核定标准》中规定各类用风地点需风量计算办法，进行需风量动态计算 ①获取巷道长度、断面积等巷道信息；②获取瓦斯、二氧化碳等有毒有害气体浓度动态信息；③从数据中台获取人员、车辆动态信息；④获取巷道风流温度等环境气候条件动态信息 矿井所有巷道动态需风量范围值 灾源与灾变区域辨识 基于灾变感知信息，采用人工智能算法或者灾变风流模拟技术进行快速自动模拟反演灾变演化过程与趋势 输入部分巷道风流温度、气体组分、
粉尘质量浓度、冲击波破坏范围与
破坏强度①输出灾源位置(具体巷道分支)；②输出灾变影响区域(具体矿井区域范围) 矿井全风网风量风压实时解算 ①矿井通风网络更新信息收集；②矿井通风网络解算模型更新；③矿井通风网络实时解算 ①矿井巷道采掘信息；②数量有限的巷道分支实时风速、风量数据；③矿井通风阻力基础参数值 ①矿井所有巷道实时风量和风速数据；②矿井所有巷道风压和通风阻力数据 矿井通风阻力与风量匹配分析 按照AQ1028—2006《煤矿井工开采通风技术条件》中矿井通风阻力相关规定，进行矿井通风阻力与风量定量化匹配性分析 ①矿井总风量数据；②矿井通风阻力基础参数数据 ①实时矿井通风阻力值；②矿井通风阻力与矿井总风量是否匹配，如不匹配，给出矿井通风阻力优化目标区间值 灾变预警与报警分析 ①灾变预警与报警级别划分；②定量模拟灾变动态演化过程和发展趋势 ①灾源位置(具体巷道分支)；②灾变影响区域(具体矿井区域) ①矿井各巷道灾变预警报警级别；②灾变影响区域发展演化过程 智能辅助决策 矿井风量按需调控方案决策 采用人工智能算法或直接解算算法对按需供风非线性规划问题进行求解，求解结果满足以下四方面要求①矿井各用风点满足需风量要求；②矿井各用风点满足风速要求；③矿井通风系统满足合理功耗要求；④矿井通风阻力与总风量满足匹配要求 ①需进行调节风量巷道，及巷道风量调节目标值；②风量风速预警报警巷道应急需风量区间及应急调节风量目标值 ①给出矿井通风系统调节方案决策结果；②给出多系统联动调控方案决策结果，涉及其他系统联动调控内容 避灾路线
规划根据灾情演变情况，划分矿井灾变影响区域，根据巷道坡度、温湿度、光线等因素，按区域动态生成最佳避灾路线 ①从数据中台获取井下人员信息；②灾源位置(具体巷道分支)、灾变影响区域
(具体矿井区域)；③灾变影响区域发展演化过程显示与发布人员避灾逃生路线 矿井应急控风方案决策 井下远程快速密闭等设施优先调节，主通风机应急调控置后，实现灾变有毒有害气体不侵入人员集中区域，快速排出矿井，同时对采掘系统造成损坏最小 ①灾源位置(具体巷道分支)；②灾变影响区域(具体矿井区域)；③设备故障诊断信息；④通风阻变故障诊断信息 ①矿井应急控风方案结果；②多系统联动调控方案决策结果；
③通风系统故障处置方案方案审批授权 矿井通风系统调控方案审批 从人员调度管理、外部政策多个方面分析调控方案的合理性 ①矿井通风系统调节方案决策结果；②多系统联动调控方案决策结果涉及通风系统调整内容 审批通过的矿井通风系统调整
方案通风设备远程集控指令审批 从人员调度管理、外部政策多个方面分析调控方案的合理性 向管控平台提交的通风设备远程集控
指令审批通过的通风设备远程集控
指令矿井应急控风方案审批 从人员、物资、设备等救援调度多个方面分析应急控风方案合理性 ①矿井应急控风方案结果；②多系统联动调控方案决策结果 审批通过的矿井应急控风方案 远程集控联控 矿井通风
系统调控
方案远程
自动执行①通风动力目标工况自动调节执行；②通风设施目标工况自动调节执行 审批通过的矿井通风系统调整方案 通风动力和通风设施目标工况调节是否完成 通风设备远程集控自动执行 ①主通风机反风演习、定期切换等；②局部通风机日常切换等；③风门远程解闭锁试验等 ①通风设备故障诊断结果；②管控平台下发通过审批的远控指令 通风动力和通风设施是否完成指令执行要求 矿井应急控风方案远程执行 ①自动控制风门远控解闭锁并全部打开；②防火门远控关闭；③快速密闭远控关闭 审批通过的矿井应急控风方案 ①自动控制风门远控解闭锁完成情况；②防火门远控关闭完成情况；③快速密闭远控关闭；④人员位置信息 执行反馈评估 通风设备集控执行效果评估 按照通风设备运维管理要求和《煤矿安全规程》等规程规范，对通风设备集控功能进行日常测试检验 通风动力和通风设施完成指令执行要求之后，通风设备的运行状态和集控指令执行情况 ①设备是否处于正常待机状态；②设备常规功能是否能够正常使用；③设备灾变应急功能是否能够正常使用 矿井风量
按需调控
方案执行
效果评估— 调控方案执行后，获取矿井风量、风速、通风阻力监测数据 ①是否达到风量调节目标值；②矿井通风阻力与总风量匹配程度；③定量评估方案执行后通风实际能耗 矿井应急控风方案执行效果评估 — 应急控风方案执行后，获取矿井通风系统灾变信息监测数据、人员位置信息 ①明确灾变区域是否缩减或消失；②明确灾变有毒有害气体是否排出矿井；③明确人员安全撤离情况 
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