Study on mine water inrush source discrimination method based on Piper- hierarchical clustering - gray rational analysis
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摘要:
快速准确地识别煤矿突水的来源对于煤矿安全开采十分重要，是煤矿防治水的基础工作。基于Piper三线图−层次聚类−灰色关联度的综合方法对甘肃省某煤矿的突水水源进行了识别。工作面井下排水、断层裂隙水和顶板砂岩裂隙水的水化学类型均为SO4-K·Na型水，地表水水化学类型为SO4·HCO3-Ca型水。在Piper三线图中，井下排水与其他类型水在图中的距离较远，初步判断井下排水是来自多种水源的混合水。通过层次聚类分析得到煤层开采产生的井下排水与顶板砂岩裂隙水以及断层裂隙水的水质特征相对距离较近，特征类似。最后，采用灰色关联度判别模型进行判断，结果表明煤层顶板裂隙水以及断层裂隙水与井下排水的关联度较好。综合上述3种方法可知，工作面开采产生的井下排水主要来源于顶板砂岩水和断层裂隙水，与地表水的关系较小。推测可能是在开采过程中地层扰动导致的顶板水补给以及导水裂隙带导通孔隙水补给。因此，顶板含水层和导水裂隙带的研究与探查是该煤矿今后防治水工作的重点。
Abstract:Identifying the water inrush source accurately is a fundamental work and crucial for safe mining in coal mines. This study focuses on a coal mine in Gansu Province based on a comprehensive method of Piper trilinear diagram, hierarchical clustering and gray rational analysis. The water chemical types of underground drainage, fault fissure water and roof sandstone fissure water in the working face are all SO4-K·Na type and the water chemical types of ground is SO4·HCO3-Ca type. In the Piper trilinear diagram, the underground drainage water sample is far from other water sample points, indicating the underground drainage water may be mixed from multiple sources. Hierarchical clustering analysis shows that the underground drainage water is relatively close to the water chemistry of roof sandstone fissure water and fault fissure water. Finally, the gray rational analysis indicates that underground drainage water is better correlative with roof fissure water and fault fissure water. According to the aforementioned comprehensive method, the underground drainage water is mainly derived from roof sandstone water and fault fissure water, yet has little relations with surface water. It is speculated that it may be the roof water supply caused by strata disturbance during the mining process, as well as the pore water supply through the water conducting fracture zone. Therefore, the research and exploration of the roof aquifer and water conducting fracture zone will be of great importance in the future work of water prevention and control in the coal mine.
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表 1 矿区水样主要成分含量
Table 1 Major ion concentrations of water samples in study area
编号 类型 取样年份 质量浓度/（mg·L−1） pH K++Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl− SO4 2− HCO3 − CO3 2− TDS 1 井下排水 2015年 542.5 8 9.7 223.2 522.6 439.3 24 1565.6 8.47 2 断层裂隙水 2018年 536.9 168.3 91.4 277.9 937.5 738.3 − 2381.2 7.21 3 ZK203钻孔 2008年 733.5 292.6 150.7 383.6 1604.2 768.9 − 3549 7.25 4 水1钻孔 2021年 1076.38 120.54 14.62 503.04 1660.39 323.1 − 3712 7.64 5 水3钻孔 2021年 718.91 198.9 76.01 334.78 1417.96 521.72 − 3060 7.41 6 区域性河流 2015年 21.8 54.1 9 10.6 78.8 122 − 241.7 7.8 7 河流1 2015年 25.7 80.2 14.6 10.6 153.7 183.1 − 393.8 7.94 8 河流2 2021年 12.97 94.35 19.54 12.27 176.99 165.12 − 410 7.87 
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表 2 矿区各取样点水化学特征欧式距离
Table 2 Euclidian distances between water chemical compositions
类型 样品 平方欧式距离 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 井下排水 1 0 0.025 0.046 0.053 0.046 0.174 0.170 0.189 断层裂隙水 2 0.025 0 0.012 0.057 0.024 0.090 0.076 0.081 ZK203钻孔 3 0.046 0.012 0 0.027 0.004 0.135 0.106 0.093 水1钻孔 4 0.053 0.057 0.027 0 0.012 0.269 0.234 0.215 水3钻孔 5 0.046 0.024 0.004 0.012 0 0.178 0.145 0.129 区域性河流 6 0.174 0.090 0.135 0.269 0.178 0 0.007 0.025 河流1 7 0.170 0.076 0.106 0.234 0.145 0.007 0 0.008 河流2 8 0.189 0.081 0.093 0.215 0.129 0.025 0.008 0
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表 3 参考序列及因素序列
Table 3 Table of reference and factor series
水质指标 序号 工作面排水x0(k) 断层裂隙水x1(k) 煤系顶板水x2(k) 区域性河水x3(k) 矿区河水x4(k) Cl− 1 6.29 7.83 11.47 0.30 0.32 SO42− 2 10.89 19.53 32.52 1.64 3.44 HCO3 −+CO3 2− 3 7.60 12.10 8.82 2.00 2.85 K++Na+ 4 23.59 23.34 36.65 0.95 0.84 Ca2+ 5 0.40 8.42 10.20 2.71 4.36 Mg2+ 6 0.81 7.62 6.70 0.75 1.42
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表 4 关联度计算结果
Table 4 Table of correlation results
参数 取值 均值化结果 x0(k) = [0.761，1.317，0.688，2.855，0.048，0.097] x1(k) = [0.595，1.486，0.921，1.776，0.640，0.579] x2(k) = [0.646，1.834，0.497，2.067，0.575，0.378] x3(k) = [0.214，1.180，1.438，0.681，1.945，0.539] x4(k) = [0.145，1.560，1.292，0.380，1.976，0.644] 绝对差计算 ∆1（k） = [0.165，0.168，0.233，1.078，0.592，0.481] ∆2（k） = [0.114，0.516，0.190，0.787，0.527，0.280] ∆3（k） = [0.546，0.137，0.750，2.173，1.896，0.441] ∆4（k） = [0.615，0.242，0.604，2.474，1.927，0.546] ∆max = max（1.079，0.788，2.174，2.475）=2.475
∆min = min （0.165，0.114，0.137，0.242）=0.114关联系数序列 u1（k） = [0.963，0.961，0.919，0.583，0.738，0.786] u2（k） = [1.000，0.770，0.946，0.667，0.765，0.890] u3（k） = [0.757，0.983，0.679，0.396，0.431，0.804] u4（k） = [0.729，0.913，0.733，0.364，0.426，0.757] 关联度 γ1=0.825，γ2=0.840，γ3=0.676，γ4=0.654
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